Abstract
Edible termites have played an important role in the history of human nutrition due to their nutritional value. Despite their nutritional body content, it is known that during their termitarium construction, termites accumulate metals in their bodies. This study examined the heavy metal content in selected edible termites for food safety. The household survey was carried out in 8 camps of Magoye and Stateland farming blocks in Mazabuka district. The study was done to determine human activities in the farmlands. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data via one-on-one interview. A total of 362 respondents participated and their farmland activities included; mixed farming, agrochemical usage, transportation, milling, mining and termite harvesting. Composite samples of selected edible soldier termites and the nest soil were analysed for the presence of Cu, Co, Pb, Mn, Ni, Zn, Fe using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results in nest soil showed all analysed metals, with Mn having the highest mean 6.65±1.73 mg/L and sampled termites showed presence of all heavy metals except Ni and Co, with Fe having the highest mean value of 5.38±4.75 mg/L. ANOVA revealed a significant difference with P<0.05 in Co, Mn, Zn, Ni in nest soil and no significant difference in sampled termites. There was no significant Pearson correlation between heavy metals in soil and edible termites, suggesting an active regulation of metals by termites. Keywords: Edible insects, entomophagy, termitarium, Magoye, Zambia.
Highlights
Entomophagy which is the consumption of insects, has globally increased over the years due to the demand for protein and increase in population, projected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050 (Murefu et al, 2019)
The present study indicated that farmers in the study area were involved in conducting human activities that would suggest an increase in soil heavy metals, there is no direct link yet to the termites of the study area
Education levels and land size showed to have had an effect on the farmers in Magoye and Stateland on pesticide application
Summary
Entomophagy which is the consumption of insects, has globally increased over the years due to the demand for protein and increase in population, projected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050 (Murefu et al, 2019). According to Van Huis et al (2013), “It is estimated that insects form part of the traditional diets of at least two billion people” and more than 2000 edible insect have been listed in the world list (Jongema, 2015). Termites as edible insects have played an important role as a source of food across continents like Africa, Asia and Latin America due to their positive. Municipalities of the Vhembe district in the Limpopo province in South Africa showed that the majority of the respondents (97.96%) grew up eating termites as they
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