Abstract
Volatile species (e.g. Na-,K-,Cl-, and S) are released during thermal conversion of coal causing eventual problems such as fouling, slagging and corrosion, especially in gas turbines, on super heaters and in the colder part of heat recovery systems. Thermodynamic study of the released inorganic compounds is supportive before eventually launching experimental work. Therefore, thermodynamic equilibrium was calculated using FactSage 5.2, simulating combustion conditions at elevated pressure (5, 10 and 15 bar) and elevated temperature (1000, 1400 and 1600°C). Their releasing order of various volatile species was estimated by plotting mole fraction of each species at temperature 1000°C and pressure 1 bar. These calculations predict that SO2 is the most stable species for combustion. At all pressure the lowest amount of NaCl and KCl volatilized for LKH and THR lignite char. Evolution of NaCl, KCl and HCl depends on the amount of Cl present in both lignite chars. Key words: Combustion, fact sage, equilibrium calculations, release of volatile species.
Highlights
Pakistan is abundant natural coal reserves in Sindh, Punjab, Baluchistan, Northwest frontier province and has 33.0 trillion tons world third largest resources in southeastern part of the country that is, Thar (Final USAIDPakistan circular Debt Report-2013)
Pakistani Lakhra and Thar lignite’s due to low ash, high moisture, volatility and Sulphur need some special techniques for their utilization in combustion, gasification and power generation
The high volatilization of SO2 for both at elevated temperature and pressure can be predicted that SO2 is the most stable specie for combustion
Summary
Pakistan is abundant natural coal reserves in Sindh, Punjab, Baluchistan, Northwest frontier province and has 33.0 trillion tons world third largest resources in southeastern part of the country that is, Thar (Final USAIDPakistan circular Debt Report-2013). Approximately 41% energy is producing through coal but Pakistan despite of huge coal resources only 0.1% of its power is produces through coal and severe energy crises is raising every year (Usmani, 2014) but maximum efficiency may be achieved by reforms the existing and installation of additional power plants (The News, 2013). Pakistani Lakhra and Thar lignite’s due to low ash, high moisture, volatility and Sulphur need some special techniques for their utilization in combustion, gasification and power generation. The efficiency of power generation may reduce by high moisture the presence of ash is responsible for slugging and fouling problem in conventional boiler.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
