Abstract
Momordica charantia and Morinda lucida are Benin’s pharmacopeia plants that are used traditionally for the treatment of infectious diseases. This study aims to investigate phytochemical profile and antimicrobial activity of both plants. The dried leaf powder is used for extraction with different solvents by ultrasonication (35 Hz) at room temperature for 2 h. TLC and the method based on coloring and precipitation differential reactions were used for preliminary screening. HPTLC analysis was performed on silica gel 60 F254, 20.0 X 10.0 cm HPTLC plates, with Toluen: Ethyl acetate: Formic Acid: Methanol (3:4:0.8:0.7 v/v) as a mobile phase. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were assessed in vitro by the method of macrodillution and solid medium agar diffusion. TLC analysis showed many spots which suggest that both of the plants extracts contain various secondary metabolites. HPTLC revealed the presence of Quercetine, cafeic acid and vanilic acid in the plants’ extract. M. charantia extracts have shown the largest inhibition diameters (25.00±0.00 mm) and inhibit more strains than M. lucida extracts. From all the tested strains, only P. aeruginosa was the most sensitive to M. charantia extracts with 50% bactericidal effect. Key words: Phytochemical screening, antimicrobial activity, Momordica charantia and Morinda lucida, Benin.
Highlights
Plants have been for centuries the source of molecules and food for humans and wildlife
M. lucida leaf samples were collected from Agata (06°30'28''N, 002°38'44''E), which is located in the Department of Oueme, Benin, while those of M. charantia were collected from Dangbo (06°35'19''N, 002°33'15''E) located in the same department
78.57% of the studied secondary metabolites were present in M. charantia leaf powder against 71.42% in M. lucida leaf powder
Summary
Plants have been for centuries the source of molecules and food for humans and wildlife. Pallavali et al (2017) and Bassetti et al (2018) reported that Gram-positive cocci such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus spp. and Gram-negative bacilli such as E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus species are the most common pathogenic bacteria isolated from wound infections and are an important cause of wound infections in diabetic individuals and infected wound following surgeries. These bacteria are mostly responsible for toxins production. It is the case of Candida albicans with many virulence factors implicated in the invasive diseases, that have become common of human infections worldwide (Nouraei et al, 2020; Köhler et al, 2020)
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