Abstract
In the present study, in vitro antimicrobial activity of crude methanolic extract of squid body tissue and fractionated gladius polysaccharide of two squid (Loligo duvauceli and Doryteuthis sibogae) from Cuddalore and Mudasalodai (Southeast Coast of India) landing centre was evaluated. The antimicrobial activity was screened against nine species of clinically isolated human pathogenic bacteria namely Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aerues, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhii and Shigella sp. and four fungal strains such as Candida sp., Rhizopus sp., Aspergillus flavus and A. fumigates. Different concentrations such as 25, 50, 75 and 100% were prepared and tested against the microbial strains for their inhibitory activities, using the disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of methanolic body tissue extract and fractionated gladius polysaccharide of squid ranged from 60 to 100 mg/ml. The results were discussed in the light of positive and negative control apart from the concentrations tested. Key words: Antimicrobial activity, squid, gladius, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and pathogenic microorganisms.
Highlights
The marine environment is a rich source of biologically active natural products of diverse structurally active natural products, many which have not been found in terrestrial sources
The antimicrobial activity was screened against nine species of clinically isolated human pathogenic bacteria namely Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aerues, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhii and Shigella sp. and four fungal strains such as Candida sp., Rhizopus sp., Aspergillus flavus and A. fumigates
The lowest inhibition zone of 4 mm was observed against S. typhii and K. pnemoniae in L. duvauceli and D. sibogae extract
Summary
The marine environment is a rich source of biologically active natural products of diverse structurally active natural products, many which have not been found in terrestrial sources. Antiviral, antibacterial, anticoagulant, hemolytic, analgesic, cardio inhibitory, anticonvulsant, vasopressive and other active substances have been found in marine organisms and their surrounding environment. The marine organisms have had a major impact on the development of medical science. Many marine chemicals often possess quite novel structures which lead to pronounced biologically activity and novel pharmacology (Lei and Zhou, 2001). A number of discovery efforts have yielded several bioactive metabolites which have been successfully developed by the pharmaceutical industry (Kong et al, 1994). From 1969 to 1999, approximately 300 patents on bioactive marine natural products were issued. The number of compounds isolated from various marine organisms has virtually soared and exceeds 10,000 (Marin Lit, 2002) with 100s of new compounds still being discover every year (Faulkner, 2000, 2002)
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