Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced diabetes mellitus (GIDM) is an abnormal increase in blood glucose associated with the use of glucocorticoids in a patient with or without a prior history of diabetes mellitus. This is a common and potentially harmful problem in clinical practice, affecting almost all medical specialties, but is often diffi¬cult to detect in clinical settings. The objective of this study was to determine effect of Parkia biglobosa extract on open wound healing in dexamethasone induced hyperglycaemia. Effect of three different doses of P. biglobosa extract (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body wt.) for 14 consecutive days on open skin wound healing before and after dexamethasone-induced hyperglycaemia was investigated; histological assessment was also conducted on the fourteenth day. The three different doses of P. biglobosa extract decreased the serum glucose concentration in pre and post-treatment dexamethasone-induced hyperglycaemic animals; the percentage reduction was greater in the 50 and 100 mg/kg of P. biglobosa-pretreated groups (14.9 and 19.21%, respectively) as compared to that of ketoconazole, where it was only 16.5%. In the post treatment groups, the percentage reduction was greater in 100 mg/kg of P. biglobosa (17.7%) as compared to that of ketoconazole, where it was only 16.6%. Histological evaluation showed that the pretreated group of animals had higher performance scores on the grading scale and improved healing when compared with the post-treated groups. There was a demonstrable reduction in the wound healing process in the pre-treatment group that was dosed dependent. Key words: Parkia biglobosa, open skin wound healing, dexamethasone-induced hyperglycaemia, histological assessment.  
Highlights
Glucocorticoids are potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs which are widely used to treat a wide range of diseases
Glucocorticoid-induced diabetes mellitus (GIDM) is an abnormal increase in blood glucose associated with the use of glucocorticoids in a patient with or without a prior history of diabetes mellitus
Effect of three different doses of P. biglobosa extract (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body wt.) for 14 consecutive days on open skin wound healing before and after dexamethasone-induced hyperglycaemia was investigated; histological assessment was conducted on the fourteenth day
Summary
Glucocorticoids are potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs which are widely used to treat a wide range of diseases. There are two main models, that is, incisional and excision for determining three basic phases in wound healing process (inflammation, proliferation, and maturation) (DorsettMartin, 2004). These are simple and reproducible models which represent basic requirement assessing the effects of different external factors on skin wound healing (Regan and Barbul, 2011). Corticosteroid induced diabetes otherwise called steroid diabetes; the most common glucocorticoids which cause steroid diabetes are prednisolone and dexamathasone. It is a simple and inexpensive model of a complex wound healing impairment (Gal et al, 2008). The excess of either endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoids has been shown to increase gluconeogenesis and decrease tissue glucose uptake, resulting in hyperglycaemia, potentially inducing diabetes (Wolfsheimer, 1989)
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