Abstract
There is dearth of information on the effect of acid deposition on Shorea macroptera in Malaysia. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the potential effect of simulated acid rain (SAR) on S. macroptera growth and selected soil chemical properties. Six treatments were evaluated in this study. Growth variables of S. macroptera were observed for 90 days. After 90 days, seedlings and soil were sampled and analyzed using standard methods. The seedlings height decreased with decrease in SAR pH. Chlorosis and necrosis were observed for low SAR pH (pH 3.5 and 4) treatments and this observation explains the reduction of dry matter production of the plants subjected to these treatments. Regardless of treatment, K, Ca, Mg and Na contents in the plants and soil were statistically similar. A similar observation was found for soil exchangeable Fe, Cu, Zn, acidity, Al and H. Thus, it can be concluded that SAR pH of 3.5, 4 and 4.5 affects S. macroptera height, biomass and selected nutrient contents in soil. S. macroptera is susceptible to acid deposition and it could be considered as one of the bio-indicators in Malaysia. A field study is recommended to validate the findings of this study. Key words: Shorea macroptera, acid deposition, growth, soil nutrients.
Highlights
Rapid industrialization and unsustainable agricultural practices are some of the possible causes of acid deposition in Malaysia (Ayers et al, 2002)
This study was conducted to investigate the potential effect of simulated acid rain (SAR) on S. macroptera growth and selected soil chemical properties
Growth variables of S. macroptera were observed for 90 days
Summary
Rapid industrialization and unsustainable agricultural practices are some of the possible causes of acid deposition in Malaysia (Ayers et al, 2002). Acid deposition has adverse effect on soils and plants. It can reduce plant growth and yield due to foliar injury, low nutrient availability in soils, or exposure of plants to toxic substances that are released from the soil (Liu et al, 2011). The SO42-, H+, NO3- and NH4+ input from acid deposition may reduce soil pH. Shorea macroptera is one of the commercial Dipterocarps species in Malaysia This timber species is classified as hardwood by Malayan Grading Rules. (Symington, 2004) and commonly has high growth rate (ranging from 5.6 to 8.1 mm year-1) This tree is in high demand in local or international markets for timber (Ang and Maruyama, 1995). This research was conducted to: (i) determine the effect of simulated acid rain on S. macroptera growth and (ii) determine the effect of simulated acid rain on selected soil chemical properties
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