Abstract

Biological degradation of terrestrially derived macromolecules including lignin and cellulose has been shown to produce a large number of environmentally relevant phenolic compounds. It has demonstrated that extracellular superoxide (O2  ) is produced by heterotrophic bacteria that are common in lakes, soil, hydrothermal vents, marine sediments, estuaries and oceans. Rates of superoxide production normalized to the proportion of metabolically active cells vary between 0.02  0.02 amol cell −1 hour −1 (mean ± standard error) and 19.4  5.2 amol cell −1 hour −1 . Such findings provide insights into the mechanism of two key and yet unclear processes, including the biological degradation of particulate organic matter (POM) that can form dissolved organic substances, and the structural diversification of dissolved organic substances originated from POM such as plant material or algal biomass.

Highlights

  • Which are commonly detected in lakes, soil, hydrothermal vents, marine sediments, estuaries and oceans [1]

  • Such a finding provide insights into the mechanism of biological degradation of particulate organic matter (POM) and the structural diversification of dissolved organic substances originated from plant material or algal biomass

  • dissolved organic matter (DOM) produced from POM is a fundamental phenomenon in soil, sediments and water which maintain the microbial food webs, photoinduced processes (e.g. O2—●, H2O2 and HO●) along with reduction-oxidation (REDOX) reactions, global carbon cycle, nutrients cycle through degradation of its organic nitrogen or phosphorus, and a major source of energy to drive the aquatic ecosystem [4, 7, 8]

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Summary

Introduction

Which are commonly detected in lakes, soil, hydrothermal vents, marine sediments, estuaries and oceans [1]. Biological formation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) including humic substances (allochthonous fulvic and humic acids) from particulate organic matter (POM: e.g. plant material) and autochthonous fulvic acid from aquatic POM (e.g. phytoplankton) is generally caused by biologically in soils, sediments and deeper natural water [3,4,5,6].

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