Abstract
This study aims to assess the impact of the use of treated wastewater (without chlorination) in farming and dairy cattle breeding. Milk samples were collected from a farm in northeastern Algeria. The treated wastewater from the treatment plant is used on this farm for different activities. The results obtained show that the average contamination of milks with total flora is 3.7.105 CFU /ml. Fecal coliforms are present at an average value of 1.5.103 CFU/ml. All of the samples (100%) were positive for the count of fecal enterococci with an average value of 2.5.10 CFU/ml. Fungal flora was present with an average value of 1.36,103 CFU/ml. Escherichia coli was isolated in 100% of the samples with high resistance rates for beta-lactam antibiotics. The results obtained for the search for pathogens belonging to the genus Staphylococcus show that 64% of the isolates were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and 36% of the isolates were coagulase-positive. The study of Staphylococcus susceptibility/resistance to antibiotics revealed high frequencies of resistance, especially to beta-lactam antibiotics and macrolides. The bacteria tested show a majority resistance for Penicillin and Oxacillin (100%). These results reflect the microbiological risk that the consumption and marketing of this milk represents for the health of consumers and the need to implement preventive measures. Key words: Irrigation, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus sp, antibiotic resistance, microbiological risk.
Highlights
The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance genes among pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria has been a growing threat in recent decades and there is a rapid lack of therapeutic options (Li and Webster, 2018; Barancheshme and Munir, 2018)
This study aims to assess the impact of the use of chlorine-free treated wastewater in farming and dairy cattle breeding
Milk samples were collected from a farm in Northeastern Algeria
Summary
The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance genes among pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria has been a growing threat in recent decades and there is a rapid lack of therapeutic options (Li and Webster, 2018; Barancheshme and Munir, 2018). The emergence of this resistance in bacteria in animals and their products has attracted considerable interest due to the potential of transferring this resistance to the human population (Vásquez et al, 2017; McDermott et al, 2018). A mixture of urban, industrial, agricultural, storm water runoff and hospital wastewater from the city of Khenchela is discharged to this treatment plant, only to be discharged without tertiary treatment and disinfection into Baghai wadi
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