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Abstract
Groundwater dominates the domestic water supply (85%) in the Gezira State, Central Sudan. Groundwater resources in Gezira are basically represented by two water-bearing geological formations: the Nubian Sandstone formation overlain by the Gezira formation and shallow quaternary to recent deposits in minor streams. This study aims at identifying the pattern distribution of selected aquifer characteristics of the Gezira geological formation. It applies empirical Driscoll’s equation to generate the aquifer’s transmissivity. Geospatial techniques in the Geographic Information System (GIS) accompanied with Digital Elevation Model (DEM) datasets were used in interpolation and map transmissivity. The obtained transmissivity of 7.44 to 875 m2 a day were found to be conformable with those conventionally based values of 28 - 824 m2 a day. The spatial variation in the water table was extracted using the DEM data, resulting in a reliable potentiometric map (water table map) for the Gezira formation as compared with that traditionally produced. Potentiometric map was used effectively for mapping trends in the water levels and flow directions. The study showed a powerful example of using GIS and DEM techniques in studying groundwater aquifer characteristics, specifically the geospatially dependent variables. Key words: Groundwater, aquifer characteristics, spatial distribution, DEM.
Highlights
Geospatial sciences have become increasingly vital in managing natural resources, especially groundwater resources
Groundwater resources in Gezira State are basically represented by two water-bearing geological formations: the Nubian Sandstone formation overlain by the Gezira formation and shallow quaternary to recent deposits in minor streams
This study aims at identifying the pattern distribution of selected aquifer characteristics of the Gezira geological formation
Summary
Geospatial sciences have become increasingly vital in managing natural resources, especially groundwater resources. The output of the geospatial analysis, whether it is aquifer parameters (that is, transmissivity) or water quality problems (saline zones, polluted zones, etc.) could be further utilized as inputs to develop groundwater flow conceptual and numerical models for deeply studying groundwater issues (Goodchild, 1992; Koch, 1997; Brodie, 2002; Gachet, 2006; Muley, 2008).
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