Abstract
The chromatographic investigation of the chloroform soluble fraction of methanolic root extract of Ochna schweinfurthiana using a combination of silica and sephadex LH-20 led to the isolation of tri-methoxy derivative of lophirone A. The structure of this new compound was determined using both 1 and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The antimicrobial activity of the isolated compound was also investigated using agar diffusion and broth dilution techniques. Clinical isolates obtained from the Department of Medical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria were used for the studies. The compound was found to show activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyrogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Samonella typhi, but was not active at the tested dose on methicillin resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Corynobacterium ulcerans, Escherichia coli and the only fungi tested Candida albicans. The low concentration for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, 5 μg/ml) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC, 20 μg/ml) suggests the compound has a good antimicrobial activity against the susceptible organisms and validates the ethno medicinal use of the plant in the treatment of various bacterial infections, including infected wounds and typhoid fever. Key words: Ochna schweinfurthiana extract, antimicrobial, tri-methoxy, lophirone A, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).
Highlights
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is not a recent phenomenon, but it is a critical health issue today that has evolved to become a worldwide public health threat (WorldHealth Organization (WHO), 2012)
At least 2 million people become infected with bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics each year in the United States out of which about 23,000 die as a direct result of these infections, while many more people die from other complications related to antibiotic resistance (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2013)
Most European countries witness a seemingly unimpeded increase of antimicrobial resistance in the major Gram-negative pathogens which could unavoidably lead to loss of therapeutic treatment options (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), 2012)
Summary
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is not a recent phenomenon, but it is a critical health issue today that has evolved to become a worldwide public health threat (WorldHealth Organization (WHO), 2012). Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is not a recent phenomenon, but it is a critical health issue today that has evolved to become a worldwide public health threat AMR is driven by both appropriate and inappropriate use of anti-infective medicines for human, animal health and food production, 94 Afr. J. Production, together with inadequate measures to control the spread of infections (WHO, 2002; Goosens et al, 2005; Mathew et al, 2007; Orzech and Nichter, 2008). Most European countries witness a seemingly unimpeded increase of antimicrobial resistance in the major Gram-negative pathogens which could unavoidably lead to loss of therapeutic treatment options (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), 2012)
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