Abstract
Himalayas are the natural reservoir of complex and diversified gene pool. Three Shiwalik Himalayan intracellular phytase producing budding yeasts were assayed for in vitro degradation of natural animal feed substrates. Phosphorus availability was found to enhance upto 70% yeast cultures during in vitro biodegradation of natural animal feed substrates. A direct correlation between intracellular phosphate concentration and phytase activity suggested the use of whole cell preparations in place of purified enzymes. Zymogram analysis revealed the presence of single high molecular weight isoform of the enzyme phytase. Based on 5.8S-ITS-rDNA sequencing, using ITS1 and ITS4 primers, the cultures were identified as Candida tropicalis (B4), Issatchenkia orientalis (PA4) and Pichia gluermondii (SS1). Indigenous I. orientalis strain PA4 was found superior among all the yeasts strains and therefore can be developed as successful inoculant for animal nutrition as well as environmental management under Himalayan ecosystems. Key words: Phytase, Shiwalik Himalaya, phytase biodegradation, 5.8S-ITS rDNA, Yeast identification.
Highlights
Phosphorus (P), like nitrogen, is an essential element for all forms of life
All the isolates (SS1, B4 and PA4) along with standard culture of S. cerevisiae showed good growth on MPSM medium during plate assay. This indicates their capabilities to hydrolyze sodium phytate through phytase activity and utilize it as their sole P source
Yeast have been well reported as rich genetic resources for production of extracellullar (Schwanniomyces castellii and S. cerevisiae) and intracellular (S. cerevisiae, Cryptococcus laurentii and Candida krusei) phytases (Man-Jin et al, 2008)
Summary
Approximately 75 to 80% of the total P in nature is found in the fixed organic form- phytate (myo-inositol 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-hexakisphosphate, IP6). The phytic acid is the primary storage form of P in plants; constitutes 3-5% of dry weight of seeds in cereals and legumes that are used as principal components of animal feeds. It acts as an anti-nutritional component in plantderived feed; as a result they are undesirable for monogastric animals. Myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolases (EC 3.1.3.8) belongs to a sub-class of the family of histidine acid phosphatase as it can catalyze hydrolysis of phytate to inositol and orthophosphoric acid (Guilan et al, 2009)
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