Abstract
The methanol extract of stem bark of Senna siamea (Fabaceae) was found to contain compounds with anti-poliovirus activity. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract resulted in the isolation and identification of six compounds; three triterpenoids- lupenone (1) lupeol (4) and betulinic acid (5); two antraquinones- chrysophanol (2) and physcion (3); and β- sitosterol glucoside (6). To evaluate the capacity of the compounds to inhibit the cytophatic effect of poliovirus in tissue culture, the reduction of viability of infected or uninfected cell cultures was measured using the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] colorimetric assay. The selective indices of compounds with antiviral activity were determined by comparing the ratio of cytotoxic concentration at 50% to inhibitory concentration at 50% (CC50/IC50). Lupeol was the most active compound with IC50 value of 0.014 µg/mL but chrysophanol with IC50 0.46 µg/mL was more selective with selective index (SI) of 32.1. The detection of pharmacologically active compounds in S. siamea extracts provides evidence that Nigerian ethno-medicines may be an important source of anti-poliovirus compounds. This study justifies ethnomedicinal uses of Senna as an anti-viral agent and also provides chemical entities that could lead to discovery and development of antiviral agents. Key words: Antraquinones, triterpenoids, Senna siamea, MTT colorimetric assay, anti-poliovirus.
Highlights
W.H.O Poliio Laboratory, Departmentt of Virology, College of Me edicine, Unive ersity of Ibada an, Oyo State e, Nigeria
One of the greatest significance of plant derived antiviral metabolites is that they provide prototypes or templates that can be used in the design of potentially superior new chemotherapeutic drugs
It has been stated that for a drug candidate to be considered as an anti-poliovirus drug, it must be able to inhibit the three strains of the virus; chrysophanol is a suitable drug candidate meeting this criterion, as it has earlier been shown by Semple and co-workers, that chrysophanol isolated from Daniella longifolia inhibits poliovirus 2 and 3 (Semple et al, 2001)
Summary
W.H.O Poliio Laboratory, Departmentt of Virology, College of Me edicine, Unive ersity of Ibada an, Oyo State e, Nigeria. EJ Research Institute of Chemistry, Inte ernational Center for Chem mistry and Bio ological Scien nces, Universiity of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakiistan. 20 May y, 2014; Accepte ed 7 July, 2014 nol extract of o stem bark of Senna siiamea (Fabac ceae) was fo ound to conttain compou unds with. To evalluate the capacity of the compou unds to inhib bit the cytop phatic effect of poliovirus s in tissue c culture, the rreduction of viability of o infected or o uninfected d cell culture es was meas ured using tthe MTT [3-(4. The selectiv ve indices of compoun nds with g the ratio off cytotoxic co n at 50% to in nhibitory antiviral acttivity were determined by comparing oncentration concentratiion at 50%
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