Abstract
The study area is about 40 km2 that is (8 km × 5 km) which is located in Gwarzo Local Government area of Kano State part of Malumfashi sheet 79NE which lies within Longitude E07°57’19.5” and E08°00’00” and Latitude N11° 51’30”andN11°47‘00. Major rock types identified include medium grained biotite-muscovite granite, coarse grained muscovite-biotite granites, quartz-syenite, and quartz-monzonites. Most of the crystals show subhedral to anhedral form and a perfect cleavage is somehow visible. The interference colours observed under cross-polarized light include blue, dark grey, light grey, some pinkish colour and brown colour which disappear upon the stage rotation. Albite and Carlsbad twinning are seen and used to identify the feldspars. Various structural features were observed with NE- SW trend which represents the final imprint of the Pan-African orogeny. Key words: Biotite, granite, cross-polarized, twinning.  
Highlights
The Nigerian basement was affected by the 600 Ma PanAfrican orogeny and it occupies the reactivated region which resulted from plate collision between the passive continental margin of the West African craton and the active Pharusian continental margin (Burke and Dewey, 1972; Dada, 2006)
The basement rocks are believed to be the results of four major orogenic cycles of deformation, metamorphism and remobilization corresponding to the Liberian (2,700 Ma), the Eburnean (2,000 Ma), the Kibaran (1,100 Ma), and the Pan-African cycles (600 Ma)
The first three cycles was characterized by intense deformation and isoclinal folding accompanied by regional metamorphism, which was further followed by extensive migmatization
Summary
The Nigerian basement was affected by the 600 Ma PanAfrican orogeny and it occupies the reactivated region which resulted from plate collision between the passive continental margin of the West African craton and the active Pharusian continental margin (Burke and Dewey, 1972; Dada, 2006). The basement rocks are believed to be the results of four major orogenic cycles of deformation, metamorphism and remobilization corresponding to the Liberian (2,700 Ma), the Eburnean (2,000 Ma), the Kibaran (1,100 Ma), and the Pan-African cycles (600 Ma). The first three cycles was characterized by intense deformation and isoclinal folding accompanied by regional metamorphism, which was further followed by extensive migmatization. The Pan-African deformation was accompanied by a regional metamorphism, migmatization and extensive granitization and gneissification which produced syntectonic granites and homogeneous gneisses (Abaa, 1983).
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