Abstract
In search for new plant molluscicides that could be used to control schistosomiasis, the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of five medicinal plants:Ginkgo biloba, Torreya grandis, Ailanthus altissima, Peucedanum praerutorumand Herba agrimoniae from China were obtained to evaluate their molluscicidal activity against the snail Oncomelania hupensis. In all of the plant extracts, only the ethanolic extract of fallen leaf from G. biloba showed the highest toxicity on the snails within 48 h exposure. The petroleum ether fraction of ethanolic extract of fallen leaf from G. biloba (PFGB) showed significant activity against the snails and also revealed the time and dose dependent effect. Statistical analysis revealed that the LC50 values of PFGB was decreased from 72.38 mg·L-1 (24 h) to 9.22 mg·L-1 (72 h). Whereas, the LC50 values of PFGB to zebra fish was 131.34 mg·L-1. The glycogen and total protein content of soft tissues of snails decreased after treated with PFGB, and the decreasing rate was parallel to the molluscicidal activity. Therefore, the petroleum ether fraction of ethanolic extract of the fallen leaf from G. biloba exhibited promising molluscicidal activity against the snail and might be a potent molluscicides. Key words: Ginkgo biloba, molluscicidal activity, Oncomelania hupensis, glycogen, total protein.
Highlights
Schistosomiasis is one of the most prevalent parasitic infections and has significant economic and public health consequences (Chitsulo et al, 2000; Engels et al, 2002)
The glycogen and total protein content of soft tissues of snails decreased after treated with PFGB, and the decreasing rate was parallel to the molluscicidal activity
The results demonstrated that the fallen leaf of G. biloba might be an important molluscicides and molluscicidal active fraction was petroleum ether fraction of its ethanolic extract (PFGB)
Summary
Schistosomiasis is one of the most prevalent parasitic infections and has significant economic and public health consequences (Chitsulo et al, 2000; Engels et al, 2002). In China, Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma japonicum is epidemic in the Southeast, especially in the areas of Yangtze River valley (Zhou et al, 2005). Oncomelania hupensis, is the only intermediate host of S. japonicum which is the species in China causing schistosomiasis. In order to control this disease, one efficient way is to attack and break down the life cycle of S. japonicum. Niclosamide (the only commercially available molluscicide recommended by the World Health Organization) has been used extensively over the years, especially in schistosomiasis control programmes. There has been a renewed interest in finding cheaper, environmentally friendly and readily available natural molluscicidal compounds from plants alternative to synthetic products used in snail control
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