Abstract
Trypanosomosis is a serious disease that causes a significant production loss in cattle. A cross sectional study was conducted in Jimma Horro District of Kellem Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia to determine prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine trypanosomosis from October 2016 to October 2017. Blood samples from randomly selected 384 cattle of both sex and different age group were collected and examined with parasitological techniques. The overall prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis was 3.7% (14/384) in the study areas. The infection was highest due to Trypanosome congolense (50%) followed by Trypanosome vivax (28.6%) and Trypanosoma brucei (21.4%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified body condition as risk factors (P<0.05) for trypanosomosis in the district. However, there were no statistically significant difference observed among age groups, sex, skin color and different peasant associations (P> 0.05). The overall mean Packed Cell Volume (PCV) value was statistically significant difference between aparasitaemic and parasitaemic cattle (P< 0.05).The study showed that bovine trypanosomosis is one of the constraints to cattle production in Jimma Horro District. Hence, there is a need to create awareness about impact of disease on cattle production and appropriate control methods of trypanosomosis should be designed and implemented. Key words: Bovine, Jimma Horro district, prevalence, risk factors, trypanosomosis.  
Highlights
About 85% of the Ethiopian populations are engaged in the agricultural sector (Benti and Zewdie, 2014)
The highest (7.0%) and lowest (1.1%) prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis was recorded in Burka Gudina and Nedi Gudina peasant associations, respectively
The present result shows that out of 14 positive cattle for trypanosomosis, T. congolonse (50%) was predominant species of trypanosome, followed by T. vivax (28.6%) and T. brucei (21.4%) in study area. This may be due to major cyclical vectors or Glossina species are more efficient to transmitters of T. congolonse than T. vivax and high number of serodems of T. congolonse as compared to T. vivax (Olani and Bekele, 2016)
Summary
About 85% of the Ethiopian populations are engaged in the agricultural sector (Benti and Zewdie, 2014). The livestock subsector contributes about 16.5% of the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 35.6% of the agricultural GDP. It contributes 15% of export earnings and 30% of agricultural employment (Leta and Mesele, 2014). The country has the largest livestock population in Africa. In spite of the presence of huge ruminant population (59.5 million cattle, 30.7 million sheep and 30.2 million goats) (CSA, 2017), Ethiopia fails. Among the animal diseases trypanosomosis is one of parasitic disease that hampering the livestock development in Ethiopia (Dumesa and Demessie, 2015)
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