Abstract
Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) is a plant used by traditional cultures and also in modern health care products. Various chemical substances are derived from the plant and include, but are not limited to anthraquinone flavonol glycosides, iridoid glycosides, lipids glycosides and triterpenoids. Also commonly found on the plant are endophytic bacteria however, there are no reports on endophytic bacterial community of Noni. We collected samples from five sites of Noni plant (roots, branches, leaves, fruits and seeds) and performed 16S rDNA analysis. Results show that these five parts harbor a highly similar bacterial composition with the top four being Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Halomonas and Geobacillus. Sphingomonas and Pseudomonas were found to be widely distributed in plant endophytic biotope; while there are little reports on plant-associated Halomonas and Geobacillus, indicating distribution in the plant hosts. Unknown genus also is abundant in five sites of Noni, ranging from 26.70 to 33.66%, implicating necessity to reveal them. This study provides information on endophytic bacteria in the Noni for future analysis based on a metagenome strategy. Key words: Noni, endophytic bacteria, diversity, metagenome.
Highlights
Plants host an abundant microbial community in rhizosphere, phyllosphere and endosphere areas as previous research has reported and the noni plant microbiome has received significant attention in recent years (Lebeis et al, 2012; Turner and James, 2013; Bulgarelli et al, 2013; Berg et al, 2014)
This study provides information on endophytic bacteria in the Noni for future analysis based on a metagenome strategy
Using the protocol summarized in the methods, the unique tags were clustered into Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) (Table 1) and aligned with Silva108 database to identify the bacterial community of each tissue region in Noni
Summary
Plants host an abundant microbial community in rhizosphere, phyllosphere and endosphere areas as previous research has reported and the noni plant microbiome has received significant attention in recent years (Lebeis et al, 2012; Turner and James, 2013; Bulgarelli et al, 2013; Berg et al, 2014). Microbes colonizing plant surfaces and interior areas are vital for plant health and productivity (Bonfante, 2010; Berendsen et al, 2012; Ferrara et al, 2012; Monteiro et al, 2012), but some of them could lead to disease development of plants (James and Olivares, 1998; Monteiro et al, 2012; Van Overbeek et al, 2014).
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