Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of the root bark extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpa (DC) Guill. & Perr, in Escherichia coli extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-induced diarrhea in rat. The antibacterial activity was performed in vitro by determining the inhibition zone using standard agar diffusion method as well as in vivo on E. coli infected Wistar rat model. Both minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were carried through microdilution method. Results obtained in this study indicated that ethanolic and acetatic extracts were only active on bacteria presenting an inhibition zone range from 8 to 16 mm. The MIC observed in agar slant tubes ranged from 6.25 to 50 mg/ml. The ethanolic fraction of A. leiocarpa (ETHA) showed the highest in vitro antibacterial activity against strains with MICs ranging from 6.25 to 12.5 mg/ml and MBCs ranging from 12.5 to 25 mg/ml. In vivo, after infection, diarrhea increased faeces frequency, weight and volume faeces and bacterial faeces load to a maximum on the 2nd day after infection (P < 0.01). ETHA normalized the appearance, weight, volume and water content of faeces. To all doses, like ciprofloxacin it reduced significantly (P < 0.05) the bacterial growth compared to control Lot (infected and untreated). The death rate in diarrheic control Lot was 50% by Day 14. No death was recorded in Lot treated with ciprofloxacin and Lot treated with ethanolic fraction at dose of 2222.22 mg/kg body weight (bw). This study supports the use of A. leiocarpa in the traditional treatment of bacterial infections and offer many perspectives in the search for new molecules against resistant microbial strains. Key words: Anogeissus leiocapa, antibacterial activity, in vitro, in vivo, therapeutic.
Highlights
Diarrheal diseases, the third leading cause of death in the world, after respiratory diseases and AIDS (OMS, 2015) continue to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality
The total aqueous extract and the dichloromethane fraction showed no activity on all the bacteria tested with inhibition zones
The results showed that microorganisms tested were susceptible to plant extracts and the highest inhibitory activity was observed for ethanol and ethyl acetate fractions which presented antibacterial activity against all bacteria examined
Summary
The third leading cause of death in the world, after respiratory diseases and AIDS (OMS, 2015) continue to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. They constitute the second leading cause of infant mortality in children less than five years (Bhutta et al, 2013), with about 2.5 billion diarrhea. Episodes and 2.2 million deaths all years (Bahmani et al, 2015). Of the 2.2 million annual deaths, 37% of cases occur in sub-Saharan Africa (OMS, 2016). The main agents involved are viruses, protozoa and bacteria among which Escherichia coli is one of the most important etiologic agents (Asadi et al, 2010)
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