Abstract
Properly organized data is vital for appropriate statistics and theories. In this study, it was hypothesized that raw tropical cyclone (TC) data labeled with the current Gregorian time system, dampened the dominant signals and order in the data. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore and reorganize the data, using the TianGan-DiZhi (T-D) calendar. All 6 h TC records in 60 sidereal years over the western North Pacific (WNP) were investigated after the data were transferred from the Gregorian to T-D calendar. TianGan and DiZhi, two collections of elements in the T-D calendar, were then quantified to conduct correlation analyses with different TC parameters. The results showed significant temporal and spatial correlation between 6 h TC records and variables in the T-D calendar over different timescales. Temporally, 6 h TC records in the T-D summer, generally from May 5 to August 6, of the 60 sidereal years were significantly correlated with the strength difference between yearly TianGan and yearly DiZhi for the sidereal years. Spatially, the longitudes and latitudes of 6 h TC records were also significantly correlated with daily variables in the T-D calendar. We conclude that, TC data over the WNP can be better interpreted using the quantified T-D calendar than the Gregorian calendar. Since this ancient time-labeling tool can provide properly organized data, it might be used to modify some inputs in current numerical models to improve forecasting power. Key words: Tropical cyclone, frequency, temporal, sidereal, Gan-Zhi, calendar.
Highlights
The variations in tropical cycle (TC) frequency worldwide are related to various factors (Landsea, 2000), including the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Quasi-biennial Oscillation (QBO), and Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO)
About one-third of TCs worldwide and related researches ensued in the western north-Pacific (WNP) (Chen et al, 1998; Chan JCL, 2000; Chen et al, 2006; Yuan et al, 2009); this basin was chosen for investigating the relationship with the T-D calendar
The results showed that the 6 h records (Figure 3F) were positively correlated with DiZhi minus TianGan, and wind speeds in T-D summer were negatively correlated with DiZhi minus TianGan (Figure 4H) or DiZhi alone
Summary
The variations in tropical cycle (TC) frequency worldwide are related to various factors (Landsea, 2000), including the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Quasi-biennial Oscillation (QBO), and Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). Recent studies have found a link between solar activity and TC frequency (Elsner and Jagger, 2008; Hodges et al, 2014). The number of sunspots are significantly correlated with hurricane frequency on a 22 year cycle (Mendoza and Pazos, 2009; Pazos et al, 2015). These results indicating a solar influence on TCs naturally suggest the Chinese T-D calendar: the TianGan cycle is 10 sidereal years and DiZhi cycle is 12 sidereal.
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