Abstract
Oxidative damage induced by free radicals are the attendant causes of many chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Lespedeza cuneata water extract (LCW) has anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic activities in vitro. Anti-oxidant activity was measured by superoxide anion (O2-), hydroxyl (·OH) radical, nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) scavenging assays. Further, radical-mediated protein oxidation was measured by an allophycocyanin assay. Alpha-glucosidase, dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV and anti-glycation assays were conducted to measure its anti-diabetic activities. LCW significantly inhibited O2-, ·OH and ONOO- formation. LCW strongly protected radical-induced allophycocyanin degradation during 60 min from the initiation of the reaction. LCW significantly inhibited α-glucosidase, DPP-IV and advanced glycation end product formation. Our results suggest that LCW had both anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic activities, and could be used for the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress and diabetes. Key words: Free radicals, dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV, α-glucosidase, Lespedeza cuneata, diabetes.
Highlights
Free radicals, unstable organic molecules, dominate antioxidant defense mechanism for their stability, and stimulate excessive oxidative damages through electron pairing with biological macromolecules, including proteins, DNA and lipids in healthy cells (Florence, 1995)
Chronic hyperglycemia induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that are associated with oxidative stress, which is the root cause of glucose auto-oxidation, lipid peroxide formation, and non-enzymatic protein glycosylation that forms advance glycation end products (AGEs) (Gillery, 2001)
The reaction mixture was further incubated during another 10 min with 50 μl substrate solution (5 mM, p-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside), and the released nitrophenol was read at 405 nm using spectrophotometer (Immuno Mini NJ-2300, Japan)
Summary
Unstable organic molecules, dominate antioxidant defense mechanism for their stability, and stimulate excessive oxidative damages through electron pairing with biological macromolecules, including proteins, DNA and lipids in healthy cells (Florence, 1995). Chronic hyperglycemia induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that are associated with oxidative stress, which is the root cause of glucose auto-oxidation, lipid peroxide formation, and non-enzymatic protein glycosylation that forms advance glycation end products (AGEs) (Gillery, 2001). Free radical-induced oxidative stress causes β-cell dysfunction, thereby impairing insulin secretion and glucose metabolism for instance in pancreatic β cells, which contain very low level of antioxidant enzymes (Oberley, 1988). Free radicals and oxidative stress play an important role in the development of diabetes and its complications.
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