Abstract
The toxicological evaluations of cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) were carried out against Albino mice model, Mus musculus. On the basis of LC50 value, Cd (0.47 mM) was found to be the most toxic followed by Zn (2.40 mM), Pb (2.42 mM), Fe (4.52 mM) and Mn (5.70 mM) as least toxic. The results of the sublethal concentration of the heavy metals (1/10th of 96 hrLC50) on the liver function parameters and kidney markers showed that total glycerol (TG) levels increased significantly (P < 0.05) in Cd and Mn treated groups while Zn, Pb and Mn induced a significantly higher (P < 0.05) level of total protein. Mn and Fe induced significantly (P < 0.05) increase in the level of total bilirubin (T.BIL), urea and albumin (ALB) in exposed mice relative to the control group. The outcome of this study implied that sublethal responses of liver function parameters and kidney markers were found to have good potentials in serving as a combination of biomarkers for early detection and diagnosis of ‘heavy metals’ pollution in the mammalian model. Key words: Biomarkers, heavy metals, kidney markers, liver function parameters, Mus musculus.
Highlights
In Nigeria there was a report on lead (Pb) poisoning incident in Zamfara State (Dareta, Tunga Daji community) that claimed over 400 lives of children due to illegal mining of gold and exposure to contaminated soil and household dust in gold ore processing villages (MSF, 2012)
The need to acquire information on parameters such as kidney and liver function biomarkers that can be utilized in the early detection and diagnosis of heavy metals effects
Decreased plasma aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Uric acid, Urea, ALB, CREA, T.PRO, High density lipoprotein (HDL), Low density lipoprotein (LDL), T.BIL and T.CHOL compared to control except for TG where there was significant
Summary
In Nigeria there was a report on lead (Pb) poisoning incident in Zamfara State (Dareta, Tunga Daji community) that claimed over 400 lives of children due to illegal mining of gold and exposure to contaminated soil and household dust in gold ore processing villages (MSF, 2012). Decreased plasma AST, ALT, ALP, Uric acid, Urea, ALB, CREA, T.PRO, HDL, LDL, T.BIL and T.CHOL compared to control except for TG where there was significant
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