Abstract
Genomes of barley, maize, rice, wheat and sorghum were characterized based on three different mole-cular markers based on DNA sequence namely; Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLP), Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers. Five AFLP primer combinations were used for fingerprinting six cultivars which belongs to barley, rice and wheat cultivars leading to the production of numerous AFLP bands, 300 of them were polymorphic. Thirty SSR markers were obtained from fingerprinting eight cultivars belonging to the five studied species using 11 SSR primers, whereas 91 ISSR markers were obtained from fingerprinting the same cultivars using 10 ISSR primers. All data were analyzed using Numerical Taxonomy System of Multivariate Statistical (NTSYS-pc) software packages to address the relationship and studying the synteny between the genomes of the five cereal species. The resulted dendrogram revealed that rice, barley and wheat genomes are more related to each other than sorghum and maize genomes that appeared close relatedness to each other but distant from other cereal's genomes under study. Barley and wheat genomes revealed close relatedness to each other compared to rice genome. Key words: Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP), simple sequence repeats (SSR), inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR), wheat, barley, rice, synteny
Highlights
The family Poaceae contains the most economic cereals; the cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheatAbbreviations: restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), Restriction fragment length polymorphism; randomly amplified polymorphic dna (RAPD), randomly amplified polymorphic DNA; Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP), amplified fragment length polymorphism; SSR, simple sequence repeats; SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphism; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; ISSR, inter simple sequence repeats.(Triticum aestivum L.) belong to tribe Triticeae, maize (Zea mays L.) belongs to the tribe Andropogonae, whereas the cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) belongs to tribe Oryzeae and both tribes belong to the family Poaceae, whereas Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) belongs to the tribe Andropogoneae of the same family
This region corresponds to the distal part of barley chromosome 3H and wheat chromosomes 3A and 3B, suggesting that the synteny is conserved between rice chromosome 1 and the Triticeae group 3S chromosomes up to the telomere of the chromosomes
The phylogenetic studies based on AFLP, SSR and ISSR are considered based on DNA sequence homology of the studied genotypes, because the common bands are considered similar in DNA sequence data
Summary
The family Poaceae contains the most economic cereals; the cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat. (Triticum aestivum L.) belong to tribe Triticeae, maize (Zea mays L.) belongs to the tribe Andropogonae, whereas the cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) belongs to tribe Oryzeae and both tribes belong to the family Poaceae, whereas Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) belongs to the tribe Andropogoneae of the same family. The food and agriculture organization (FAO) report (1985) ranked wheat as the most important crop plant followed by rice, maize and barley. Wheat, rice, sorghum and maize are very important crops for human diet and animal forage.
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