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Abstract
A sample of world germplasm of ginger consisting of 46 accessions was profiled for its volatile oil constituents, using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC/MS) and grouped with three similarity coefficients, besides analyzing its pungent principles using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A total of 60 compounds were identified in the essential oil. Two of the three similarity coefficients (Jaccard’s and Sorensen - Dice similarity coefficients) placed the accessions in 14 groups. The dendrograms constructed using this two similarity coefficients were similar in form and content. However, the grouping pattern of the accessions in the third dendrogram (Simple Matching similarity coefficient) was slightly different. Three accessions namely, 'Kintoki', 'Brazil' and 'Pink Ginger' were unique. HPLC analysis of the pungent principles showed 6-gingerol as the predominant pungent principle in all the ginger accessions except the exotic ginger, 'Oman', in which 8-shogaol was the predominant one. Key words: Essential oil, gingerol, shogaol, Zingiber officinale.
Highlights
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), a monocotyledon belonging to family Zingiberaceae, is an important spice and medicinal plant originated in South-East Asia and introduced to many parts of the globe (Park and Pizutto, 2002; Burkill, 1996)
A sample of world germplasm of ginger consisting of 46 accessions was profiled for its volatile oil constituents, using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC/MS) and grouped with three similarity coefficients, besides analyzing its pungent principles using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
Matured rhizomes of ginger accessions were collected from the Germplasm Conservatory of Indian Institute of Spices Research, Peruvannamuzhi, Kozhikode, Kerala, India. 46 ginger (Z. officinale) accessions, which include released varieties, exotic and primitive types were used in the study (Table 1)
Summary
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), a monocotyledon belonging to family Zingiberaceae, is an important spice and medicinal plant originated in South-East Asia and introduced to many parts of the globe (Park and Pizutto, 2002; Burkill, 1996). About 50 cultivars in addition to seven improved varieties have been reported in India (Sasikumar et al, 1999). Essential oil and pungent principles are the deciding factors for the qualities of ginger cultivars. Essential oil compositions of ginger from different geographical area have already been reported (Wohlmuth et al, 2006; van Beek et al, 1987; MacLeod and Pieris, 1984). Chemical investigation carried out in the past showed that ginger essential oil is mainly composed of zingiberene, α-curcumene, β-sesquiphellandrene, citral and camphene, etc; and these compounds are characteristic for geographical and varietal properties of ginger (Singh et al, 2008; Lawrence, 1997; Lawrence, 2000)
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