Abstract
Ethanol extract of Buchholzia coriacea seed was evaluated for anti-ulcer as well as anti-secretory activity in rats because of its use in Nigerian folk medicine as an anti-ulcer agent. Standard pharmacological methods were used to carry out phytochemical analysis of the plant. Quantitative phytochemical analysis of the ethanol extract of B. coriacea revealed the presence of alkaloids (101.88 ± 0.11 mg/100 g), flavonoids (46.88 ± 2.21 mg/100 g), tannins (0.16 ± 0.02 mg/100 g), oxalate (0.15 ± 0.01 mg/100 g) and terpenes (23.0 ± 0.30 µg/100 g). The extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, significantly (P<0.05) and dose-dependently suppressed the ulcerogenic effect induced by indomethacin in rat gastric mucosa relative to the controls. Similarly, the extract significantly (P<0.05) decreased histamine-mediated gastric acid secretion and also blocked histamine-induced contractile responses in isolated guinea-pig ileum in a similar fashion as the standard anti-histamine drug, chlorpheniramine. The extract had comparable ulcer protective potency with cimetidine, which is a standard drug used in the management of ulcer. The mechanism of the extract’s efficacy to protect the animals against indomethacin-induced ulcer may be diverse in nature (due to the presence of a number of bioactive constituents) but suppression of mediator effect of histamine is likely to play a predominant role in the observed activity. Key words: Buchholzia coriacea, anti-ulcer, cimetidine, anti-secretory and indomethacin.
Highlights
Gastric ulcer is an inflammed break in the lining of the stomach caused by increased acid production or damage to the mucus lining of the stomach (Goel et al, 1985)
When histamine was injected into the organ bath containing the isolated-guinea pig ileum preparation, there was marked contraction of the tissue
On concurrent administration of varying doses of the extract and histamine, the extract caused a reduction in the amplitude of the contractile response and this was dose-dependent
Summary
Gastric ulcer is an inflammed break in the lining of the stomach caused by increased acid production or damage to the mucus lining of the stomach (Goel et al, 1985). The conventional anti-ulcer drugs such as proton pump inhibitors, histamine receptor antagonists, prostaglandin analogues and drugs affecting mucosal barrier are currently in use (Dharmani and Palit, 2006). While the use of these drugs may be effective, they are usually expensive and sometimes associated with relapse and adverse effects (Dharmani and Palit, 2006). This has led to renewed interest in the search for new anti-ulcer drugs from natural sources. Many plants have been reported to possess anti-ulcer activities.
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