Abstract
The aim of this experiment is to investigate the effect of crossbreeding pure breeds on reproductive traits and the effective costs in pigs. The study was conducted on 21,431 records concerning the reproductive traits of 4 pure breeds Large Yorkshire (LY), Swedish Landrace (SL), Duroc (D), and Hampshire (H) and their reciprocal F1 crosses. Data processing method was by the least squares for testing in animal. The improvement of reproductive traits by crossing pure breeds was shown in the results. The improvements were more pronounced in the Three ways crossing and Back way crossing. By using the crossing breeds, the number of live births and weaned piglets increased while the number of stillborn piglets decreased compared to pure breeds. It can be seen that, there are differences in terms of fertility between pure breeds which can be successfully used by crossing selected (specialized) or breed lines. Heterosis effect was manifested in reproductive traits, depending on the choice of crossing scheme involving one of 3 types of heterosis and breed selection for cross. Key words: Pigs, sows, litter size, heterosis.
Highlights
There is a way to reduce the production cost of pigs by increasing the number of pollinated piglets per sow per year
Heterosis effect was manifested in reproductive traits, depending on the choice of crossing scheme involving one of 3 types of heterosis and breed selection for cross
In the period in which the examination took place, the average number of stillborn piglets at the level of the entire population is smaller than the results obtained by Hanenberg et al (1999) (0.85), Merks (2003) (0.81), Lend and Rens (2003) (0.84), and more of the results was obtained by Kosovac et al (2005) (0.43)
Summary
There is a way to reduce the production cost of pigs by increasing the number of pollinated piglets per sow per year. By selection in a pure breed or crossing either there can be a genetic improvement of quantitative (productive) characteristics of pigs. It should be noted that, the selection and crossing (as mating system) are not alternative. Crossing is the fastest way to increase the number of piglets per litter. Crossing is known as a procedure originally used to combine the desired properties of two or morebreeds or lines of pigs and it is used to take advantage of heterosis effect. Intersection of different genetic constitution of the pig was applied to benefit the breeding process, to modify the genetic structure of populations, to exploit one of 3 types of heterosis
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