Abstract
Using examples of tape recorded conversational data from fifty educated adult Igbo-English bilinguals resident in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, this paper demonstrates that lone English verbs are typically inserted into otherwise Igbo utterances by means of Igbo verbal inflectional morphology. Other verbs are adjoined to a helping verb from Igbo, specifically involving an adapted form. Yet, a few English verbs are inserted into a position corresponding to an Igbo verb without any adaptations. To answer the question as to why the verbal inflectional morphology of Igbo rather than that of English should be used, we show that this is predicted by the Matrix Language Frame (MLF) model, according to which integration into the bound morphology of the base language is expected. Also, the paper identifies that the un-adapted English verbs occur in Igbo serial verb constructions (SVCs). The only type of structure where a full Igbo verb may occur without verbal morphology. Consequently, this paper concludes by arguing that the un-adapted English verbs in Igbo SVCs do not occur in codeswitching (CS) because of the activation of a ‘CS-specific’ compromise strategy, rather they, like the English verbs bearing Igbo verbal inflectional morphology occur in clause structure with restrictions imposed by the base language grammar. Key words: Igbo, codeswitching, grammar, insertion, verbs, Matrix Language Frame model.
Highlights
Igbo is a Benue-Congo language spoken natively by over 25 million people in South-Eastern Nigeria
The premise for such a study is predicated on the fact that both Igbo and English are typologically distinct languages, outlining the mechanisms utilized by Igbo-English bilinguals to insert lone English verbs in otherwise Igbo utterances is bound to add to our understanding of how two distinct grammars can combine in CS
Considering these observations, the main aim of this paper is to demonstrate that: (1) Lone English verbs are typically inserted into otherwise Igbo utterances using Igbo verbal inflectional morphology; (2) Others are adjoined to a helping verb from Igbo, involving an adapted form; (3) Yet a few English verbs are inserted into a position corresponding to an Igbo verb without any adaptation
Summary
Igbo is a Benue-Congo language spoken natively by over 25 million people in South-Eastern Nigeria. Obiamalu and Mbagwu (2008: 34-37) report in their social-psychological study of Igbo-English CS that CS is used mostly consciously by educated Igbos to showcase their mastery of a prestigious language, English This said, it is important to state that our present concern is not with uncovering the motivations for CS by Igbo-English bilinguals; rather it is with the characterization of the. The premise for such a study is predicated on the fact that both Igbo and English are typologically distinct languages, outlining the mechanisms utilized by Igbo-English bilinguals to insert lone English verbs in otherwise Igbo utterances is bound to add to our understanding of how two distinct grammars can combine in CS
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