Abstract
Calliandra haematocephala (Leguminosae) is a native species found in tropical America. This plant is widespread and cultivated with ornamental purposes in gardens and parks. Previous studies with other species of this genus confirmed some pharmacological properties, such as antiinflammatory, anticonvulsant, immunomodulatory, and mainly antiulcerogenic activity. Phytochemical investigations have been carried out on the constituents of this genus and demonstrated the presence of tannins, flavonoids and saponins. In order to confirm the ethnopharmacological use of this species, a phytochemical screening was performed with a butanolic extract and its gastroprotective and immunoadjuvant properties were evaluated. The gastroprotective effects were analyzed by measuring acute gastric lesions induced by acidified ethanol, using cimetidine as reference compound. The immunoadjuvant activity was evaluated against ovalbumin antigen, since the delayed type hypersensitivity reaction was measured as an in vivo assay of cellular immune response. In both experiments, the results of the biological properties were corroborated, which justifies the use of this plant in traditional medicine as stomach protector and immunomodulatory. Key words: Calliandra haematocephala, gastroprotective effects, immunoadjuvant activity.
Highlights
The genus Calliandra (Fabaceae) contains 132 species
Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses were assessed by measuring the increment in the right footpad; thicknesses were after subcutaneous challenge with 100 μg OVA in 100 μl saline a week after the second immunization
The butanolic extract exhibited a moderate control of gastric lesions (35% of inhibition at 100 mg/kg), provoking an inhibition of the development of the hemorrhage and necrotic aspects of tissue injury; how-ever, showing lesser activity than the reference compound at the same dosage (50% of inhibition at 100 mg/kg) (Figure 1)
Summary
The genus Calliandra (Fabaceae) contains 132 species. Most of them are native of America, but few are of Asia and Africa (Tani et al, 1998). Calliandra pulcherrima, Calliandra brevifolia and C. haematocephala are related native species found in Tropical America. The gastroprotective effects and the immunoadjuvant activity of the butanolic extract from the aerial parts of C. haematocephala were reported.
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