Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is one of the major health concerns worldwide. The present study aimed at utilizing clinicopathological tools to investigate the possible improving effect of Avena sativa mucilaginous extract (ASE) on lipid metabolic and liver function profiles in albino rats. The rats were rendered hyperlipidemic by 6-week supplementation of high-fat diet ad libitum. The rats were grouped into seven groups; with different treatment applications. Rats of group-I received normal diet and served as normal control; those of group-II were kept on high-fat (cholesterol 1% + coconut oil 2%) diet for 6 weeks and served as diseased control. Rats in group-III were kept on high-fat diet and received ezetimibe (1 mg/Kg B. Wt, orally, daily) and served as standard. Those in group-IV and V were kept on high-fat diet and received ASE at doses of 25 and 50 mg/Kg B. Wt., orally, daily (small and high doses, SD and HD, respectively) and served as treated-SD and treated-HD, respectively. While the last two groups (VI and VII) were kept on normal diet and received SD and HD of ASE. Blood samples for serum were taken for clinicochemical analysis on days 28 (4 weeks) and 42 (6 weeks) of the experiment and tissue specimens were taken for histopathology. ASE significantly (P<0.05) decreased the elevated serum lipid profile parameters, including total lipids, tri-acylglycerols (TAGs), cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C, but significantly (P<0.05) normalized the serum HDL-C concentrations of rats kept on high-fat diet. Administration of A. sativa extract significantly decreased elevated serum liver enzyme activities in samples taken from animals kept on high-fat diet compared to the diseased untreated ones. Observations from histopathological examination were parallel and explanatory to clinicochemical analytical results. These data may suggest that the aqueous mucilaginous extract of A. sativa seed has a good health impact in cases associated with hyperlipidemia indicated by clinical pathology. Key words: Avena sativa, antihyperlipidemic, clinical pathology, liver function, phytotherapy, phytomedicine.
Highlights
Dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia is considered as a major contributor in cardiovascular disease, including athero-sclerosis and atherosclerosis- associated conditions as coronary heart disease, ischemic cerebrovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease (Nelson, 2013)
It is well established that alteration in lipid metabolic profile, especially long standing hyperlipidemia is a direct cause to various disease conditions including atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease (Ross and Harker, 1976)
Findings of the current experiment show that hyperlipidemia, induced by 42-day supplementation of high-fat diet caused, as expected, marked alterations in the measured lipid parameters (Tables 1 to 6) of rat groups kept on such diet
Summary
Dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia is considered as a major contributor in cardiovascular disease, including athero-sclerosis and atherosclerosis- associated conditions as coronary heart disease, ischemic cerebrovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease (Nelson, 2013). Avena sativa (Oat; Kingdom: Plantae; Family: Poaceae) and its constituents were reported to possess variable beneficial health activities like antimicrobial (Maizel et al, 1964), antiparkinsonian (Zhou and Panchuk-Voloshina, 1997), topical anti-inflammatory (Boyer et al, 1998; Capasso, 2003). Effect of Avena sativa was tried on lipid profile in earlier studies (Karmally et al, 2005; Robitaille et al, 2005), yet, most of them used it as cereal as a whole or a part of the diet; and at least to our information, no studies have been performed using it as mucilaginous aqueous extract with adjusted doses. The present study was designed to assess, using clinicopathological tools, the hyperlipidemia improving profile of A. sativa mucilaginous aqueous extract as a natural remedy to the control of dyslipidemia in rats prepared as hyperlipidemic model by high-fat diet supplementation
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