Abstract
Sida rhombifolia L., popularly known in Brazil as "SIDA" or "mata-pasto", is considered a weed; a plant of the American continent and widely distributed in North Africa, belongs to the Malvaceae family. In Brazil, S. rhombifolia L. is scattered throughout the national territory, infesting agricultural crops. Certain species of the genus Sida, including S. rhombifolia, are widely used in Indian, Chinese, African and American medicine. The present study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the non - clinical acute toxicity of crude ethanolic extract (CEE) obtained from S. rhombifolia L. In treated males, there was a statistically significant reduction in water and feed intake. Biochemical analyzes showed statistically significant changes in the parameters of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and creatinine; hematological parameters showed altered erythrocytes, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and eosinophil parameters; observed only in treated male animals. The animals' organs showed no significant changes. The results suggest that the ethanolic extract obtained from S. rhombifolia L. presents low acute dose toxicity. However, chronic toxicological studies should be performed to demonstrate the safety of long-term use of the drug. Key words: Sida rhombifolia L., acute non-clinical toxicity, hematological parameters, biochemical analyses, histopathological parameters.  
Highlights
Medicinal plants have been the most important and best known therapeutic resource; their usage represents a characteristic link with the human species (Almeida et al, 2008)
Based on the search for new pharmacologically active and safe agents, having several phytochemical constituents isolated from the aerial parts of S. rhombifolia L. (Chaves., Et al. 2017), this study evaluated the toxicity of the crude extract of S. rhombifolia L. which used non-clinical tests following the recommendations of the National Agency of Sanitary Surveillance (ANVISA)
In the evaluation of behavioral changes after administration of the oral dose of the crude ethanolic extract (S. rhombifolia L.) at the dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight, no motor and / or sensorial deficiencies were observed, nor did the dose tested cause no deaths in the animals within 14 days
Summary
Medicinal plants have been the most important and best known therapeutic resource; their usage represents a characteristic link with the human species (Almeida et al, 2008). Immense biological diversity of flora on the planet and the apparent shortage of new drugs proceeding from this same diversity, there is a growing interest in natural product research, which could uncover new treatments for various diseases. Phytotherapy in popular medicine, the seeking of new products with therapeutic properties based on ethno-pharmacological studies has grown (Elisabetsky, 2001; Maciel et al, 2002; Butler, 2004; Militão et al, 2012)
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