Abstract
Plant resistance induction against pathogens is an alternative disease control method, which involves the activation of the plant defense mechanisms, such as the phytoalexins induction. The eliciting molecules have the capacity of inducing and activating such responses and thus, techniques have searched to isolate and characterize fractions with eliciting aspect. This study aimed to purify, through ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography, eliciting molecules from phytopathogenic nematodes, and test them in the induction of phaseolin in bean hypocotyls and gliceolin in soybeans cotyledons. A Tris HCl 0.05 M (pH 6.8) buffer was used as control treatment and acibenzolar-S-methly (50 mg i.a. L-1) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (20 mg m L-1) was used as induction standard treatment. Ion exchange chromatography (IEC) and gel filtration chromatography (GFC) were applied to separate power eliciting fractions from five hundred female root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne javanica). The purification of elicitors, through IEC, resulted in sixty glicidic fractions and six glycoprotein ones. They were classified according to their nature, being twenty-six glicidic fractions and thirty-seven glycoprotein ones, with molecular masses ranging from 29.19 to 2,989.25 kDa. From the purified fractions, eight of them presented phaseolin inducing effect potential, whereas fifteen fractions presented gliceolin inducing effect. Chromatography proved to be efficient in purifying the eliciting compounds. Compounds having gliceolin and phaseolin suppressing characteristics were verified in the bioassays. For those fractions obtained through IEC and posteriorly submitted to GFC that did not induce phytoalexin, it is suggested that the molecules need to act jointly so there is eliciting effect and thus induce a defense response in the plant. Key words: gel filtration chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, Meloidogyne javanica, phytoalexins, resistance induction.
Highlights
In phytopathology, resistance is the rule and susceptibility to pathogenic agents is the exception
The molecule purification of female nematodes M. javanica by ion exchange chromatography (IEC) that presented fractions with similar spectrophotometric aspect were collected in three fractions of glycoprotein nature (4, 5, 6) and three of glicidic nature to those not attached to the resin three fractions of glycoprotein nature were registered (10, 11, 12) and three of glicidic nature (7, 8, 9,) (Figure 1, Table 1)
The fractions purified by IEC from females of M. javanica and tested in the production of phaseolin phytoalexin in bean hypocotyls are presented on Table 1
Summary
Resistance is the rule and susceptibility to pathogenic agents is the exception. The flourishing and development of an illness is the result of the interaction between susceptible host, virulent pathogenic agent and favorable environment. The incompatibility of these three components results in the non-manifestation of the disease. In this sense, one of the primary events to occur is the recognition of the pathogenic agent by the hosting plant and the activation of its defense mechanisms (Pascholati, 2011). Bonaldo et al (2005) suggested that the pathogenic agent control such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and nematodes could be established by resistance mechanism induction and that, according to Stangarlin et al (1999), are activated by eliciting molecules, which they produce against phytopathogens
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