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Abstract
Micrografting is an in vitro grafting technique which involves the placement of a meristem or shoot tip explant onto a decapitated rootstock that has been grown aseptically from seed or micropropagated cultures. Following early experiments of micrografting in ivy and chrysanthemum, the technique has been used in woody species, especially fruit trees. Major work was carried out in different Citrus species for the elimination of various viral diseases. In vitro micrografting has been used for improvement and multiplication of fruit trees as the technique has potential to combine the advantages of rapid in vitro multiplication with the increased productivity that results from grafting superior rootstock and scion combinations. Successful micrografting protocols have been developed for various fruit crops including almond, apple, cherry, chestnut, Citrus, grapes, mulberry, olive, peach, pear, pistacio, walnut, etc. Special techniques have been used for increasing the percentage of successful micrografts with the use of growth regulators, etiolation treatments, antioxidants, higher sucrose levels, silicon tubes, etc. The technique has great potential for improvement and large scale multiplication of fruit plants. It has been used on commercial scale for production of virus-free plants in fruit crops and viroid free plants in Citrus. Micrografting has also been used in prediction of incompatibility between the grafting partners, histological studies, disease indexing, production of disease-free plants particularly resistant to soil borne pathogens and multiplication of difficult to root plants. Key words: Fruit crops, graft incompatibility, crop improvement, micrografting, propagation, shoot tip grafting.
Highlights
Micrografting is a relatively new technique for propagation of plants
According to Hartmann et al (2002), micrografting is an in vitro grafting technique which involves the placement of a meristem or shoots tip explant onto a decapitated rootstock that has been grown aseptically from seed or micropropagated cultures
The present review aims at examining the published literature related to micrografting to increase the application of this technique at commercial level for the improvement of fruit crops
Summary
Micrografting is a relatively new technique for propagation of plants. According to Hartmann et al (2002), micrografting is an in vitro grafting technique which involves the placement of a meristem or shoots tip explant onto a decapitated rootstock that has been grown aseptically from seed or micropropagated cultures. Micrografting is affected by cutting off the top of the seedling rootstocks usually just above the cotyledons or top of the micro-propagated shoot and placing small shoot apices of scion onto the exposed surface of decapitated rootstock in such a way that the cambium layer or vascular ring of the cut surfaces coincides with each other. Good micrografting protocols have been developed for large scale production of micrografted plants in many fruit trees with high percentage of graft success (Table 1)
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