Abstract
One hundred wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) accessions were selected on the basis of different geographical areas of Pakistan. Isolation and identification of seed born fungi were conducted according to standard blotter test and a total of five major seed borne fungi including Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium species, Drechslera species and Phytophthora species were isolated from the wheat seeds. The frequency of occurrence of these five seed born fungi was 49, 46, 42, 35, and 16%, respectively. Infection percentage varied from 0 to 90% in all 100 wheat accessions. Among the accessions, the highest infection (100%) of seed born fungi was recorded in 011185 and 011757 accessions while the lowest infection (10%) was recorded in 011415 accessions. Moreover, in accessions collected from Gilgit Baltistan and Azad Jammu Kashmir. Alternaria niger and Alternaria fusarium were dominant, while in Khyber Pakhtunkhawa province, A. niger was prevalent followed by A. alternata. In the case of Baluchistan province, the dominant seed born fungi was A. alternata followed by Drechslera spp. Similarly, in case of Punjab, the occurrence of A. alternata, Drechslera spp., Fusarium spp., and A. niger associated with seeds were similar. For accession collected from Sindh province, the dominant seed born fungi was A. niger and Drechslera spp. However, the Phytophthora spp. infection of wheat seeds accession of Baluchistan was the highest followed by wheat seeds accession collected from Gilgit Baltistan and AJK, Kpk and Punjab, whereas wheat seeds accessions collected from Sindh province were found to be free from Phytophthora spp. Key words: Bread wheat, screening, wheat germplasm, seed born fungi.
Highlights
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important staple foods among agricultural crops since it constitutes the basis for human nutrition and is of enormous economic importance worldwide
The frequency of each fungus in wheat seeds is presented in Figure 2: Alternaria alternata (49%), Aspergillus niger (46%), Fusarium species (42%)
Seed borne fungal pathogens transmit most of the major disease of wheat crop and reduce seed quality, nutrient contents, germination capacity as well as seedling collapse, which reduce crop yield (Mushtaq and Hashmi, 2005)
Summary
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important staple foods among agricultural crops since it constitutes the basis for human nutrition and is of enormous economic importance worldwide. Wheat is used mainly for human consumption and supports nearly 35% of the world population (Schuster et al, 2009). Large fraction of the dietary protein, total food supply. It is a principal source of carbohydrates and proteins both for human beings and animals (Ali et al, 2013). Wheat contributes 10.1% to the value added in agriculture and
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