Abstract
Resistance to a wide variety of common antimicrobials is observed among clinical strains designed as extended spectrum β-lactmase (ESBL) producers. They produce enzymatic protein which inactivates efficiently oxyimino cephalosporin and constitutes a serious global health concern that has complicated treatment strategies. Many studies report high prevalence of ESBL producers among Gram negative bacilli. The aim of this work was to identify the presence of TEM, SHV and CTX-M families in these strains which were initially screened by phenotypic method. Gram negative bacilli resisting third or four generation cephalosporin were isolated during anti-biogram study. The presence of ESBL positivity was detected using the double disk synergy test. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ceftriazon for any strain were determined using E-test manufacturing protocol. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis for β-lactamase (bla) genes of TEM, SHV and CTX-M family was carried out using designed primers in 171 ESBL isolates producers. Among 259 Gram negative bacilli collected, 171 (66, 02%) exhibited ESBL producers’ profile. Urine samples constitute major source of ESBL producers. The highest prevalence of ESBL was observed in Escherichia coli (75, 50%). Among ESBL isolates producers, gene prevalence of bla-CTX-M (65, 49%) was highest, followed by bla-TEM (25, 73%) and bla-SHV (18, 71%) in the present study. The frequency of ESBL producing strains among clinical isolates has been steadily increased. Continual drug resistance surveillance and molecular characteristics of ESBL isolates are necessary to guide the appropriate and judicious antibiotic use. Key words: Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), double disk synergy test, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, PCR.
Highlights
Loss of antibacterial proprieties is established for many antibiotics substances, those of β-lactam class with regard to therapy failure observed in clinical offices
Resisting bacterial species isolated were about quantitative importance: 132 Escherichia coli, 43 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 34 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 24 Enterobacter sp.,11 Citrobacter spp 7 Accinetobacter baumannii, 6 Proteus mirabilis, and 1 Salmonella typhi
Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ceftriaxone for 73.33% of E. coli (22/30) and 80% of K. pneumoniae were less than 64 μg/ml
Summary
Loss of antibacterial proprieties is established for many antibiotics substances, those of β-lactam class with regard to therapy failure observed in clinical offices. The serine β-lactamases carrying an amino-acid residue-seryl in the catalytic site and metallo-β-lactamases are needed for their catalytic activity in the presence of metallic ion in active site According to their molecular structure, βlactamases are organized in class A, C, D and B enzymes (Ambler, 1975, 1978, 1980). Our study concerns class A enzymes which consist of the following groups: Temoneira (TEM), sulfidrhyl-variable (SHV), cefotaximase (CTX-M), pseudomonas extended resistance (PER). Those chromosomal or plasmidmediated enzymes are either penicillinases (TEM-1/2 and SHV-1) hydrolyzing penicillins, first and second generation cephalosporins or extended-spectrum-βlactamases (ESBL). This study aimed to contribute to clear bacterial resistance epidemiology by establishing genetic profile of Gram negative bacilli that resist oxy-iminocephalosporins and exhibit extended-spectrum β-lactamase at University Hospital Center Yalgado, Ouedraogo
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