Abstract
Cassia nodosa Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. is an ornamental plant which belongs to the family Fabaceae. It does not have the appropriate phytochemical and biological investigation. This was the first time to investigate anti-oxidant and cytotoxic activity of Cassia nodosa flowers, leaves, stem bark methanolic extracts and their fractions (petroleum ether, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate and n-butanol). Besides, some pure constituents isolated from C. nodosa were assessed as anti-oxidant and cytotoxic agents. Remarkable results were obtained specially for stem bark methanolic extract as a strong cytotoxic agent against MCF-7 and VERO cell lines. Chrysophanol (IV) displayed the highest activity as anti-oxidant (anti-hemolytic and DNA protective agent). Anti-oxidant activity of it was higher than ascorbic acid which was the positive control. This was the first time to isolate Kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-β-D-glucoside (I) from ethyl acetate fraction of leaves. Isolation of 4,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (rhein) (III) and 1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl anthraquinone (chrysophanol) (IV) was achieved from methylene chloride fraction of flowers and stem bark, respectively. Kaempferol 3-O-α-L- rhamnoside (II) was isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of leaves besides compound (I). Key words: Cassia nodosa, erythrocyte hemolysis, 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay, bleomycin, cytotoxic, kaempferol rhamnosyl glucoside, kaempferol rhamnoside, rhein, chrysophanol.
Highlights
In our research we contributed to the other world researchers in using the vast potential offered by natural resources for discovery and development of new therapeutics
This study focused on Cassia nodosa Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. which is known as Cassia javanica L. var. indochinensis Gagnepain (Quattrocchi, 2000)
It was found that chrysophanol exhibited the best anti-hemolytic activity by 3.28% of hemolysis at 0.1 mg/ml, which was better than L-ascorbic acid (3.75%)
Summary
In our research we contributed to the other world researchers in using the vast potential offered by natural resources for discovery and development of new therapeutics. Indochinensis Gagnepain (Quattrocchi, 2000) It is commonly called pink Cassia which is a common ornamental tree belonging to the family Leguminosae (Hickey and King, 1997). Bangladesh and Burma (Yadav et al, 2012). It is useful in the indigenous medicine, as its pods and leaves showed purgative activity
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