Abstract
A pot randomized complete block design experiment was carried-out to evaluate the impact of calcium sulphate or potassium silicate or moringa dry-leaf powder either alone or combined as double or triple treatments along with oxamyl or the three items + oxamyl 24% L as tetra application in comparison with oxamyl at the recommended dose against Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato plant cv. 9065 FI under greenhouse conditions (25±3°C). All tested treatments improved plant growth criteria and reduced nematode parameters as well. Moringa dry leaf powder singly surpassed other tested single treatments in the increment values of total plant length, number of leaves and branches per plant; total plant fresh weight and shoot dry weight, and also accomplished the highest percentage reduction of nematode parameters with the maximum values of final nematode population, number of galls and egg mass/plant, respectively. Among the dual treatments, moringa dry leaf powder plus calcium sulphate at their half doses overwhelmed other double treatments in the percentage increase values of such plant growth characters of tomato and achieved the highest reduction values of final nematode population, number of galls and egg masses. Likewise, the same trend was evident as the two compounds of moringa dry leaf powder plus calcium sulphate mixed with oxamyl at 1∕3 each. Moreover, a similar trend was also strongly observed in the case of applying oxamyl to that tested three components as 1∕4 each which gave the high synergistic action by showing the highest recorded values of plant growth criteria and also recorded a high synergistic action in diminishing nematode criteria as well as the highest percentage increase value of total phenol (23.70%). The C/N ratio of the tetra treatment gave the least value of this item (16.03:1), while oxamyl had 19.67:1 vs. 22.88:1 for nematode alone, respectively. Key words: Tomato plant, Meloidogyne incognita, oxamyl, moringa, total phenol, calcium sulphate, potassium silicate, integrated control.
Highlights
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are one of the most wide spread and damaging agricultural pests in the world causing an estimated US $100 billion loss/year worldwide (Oka et al, 2000)
Among the dual treatments tested in this study, moringa dry leaf powder plus calcium sulphate at their half doses overwhelmed other double treatments in the percentage increase values of such plant growth characters of tomato plant that is total plant length (94.25%), number of leaves (55.5%) and branches (60.71%), total plant fresh weight (70.71%) and shoot dry weight (80.0%), followed by that of 1⁄2 and 1⁄2 moringa dry leaf powder
The same trend was evident as the two compounds of moringa dry leaf powder plus calcium sulphate mixed with oxamyl at 1∕3 each since this integrated treatment achieved the highest percentage increase values of total plant length (124.26%), number of leaves (61.6%), and branches (67. 85%), total plant fresh weight (110.13%) and shoot dry weight (105.2%) followed by that of 1⁄3 and 1∕3(potassium silicate + calcium sulphate +oxamyl)in such plant growth parameters, respectively
Summary
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are one of the most wide spread and damaging agricultural pests in the world causing an estimated US $100 billion loss/year worldwide (Oka et al, 2000). They are widely distributed in cultivated areas of Egypt causing remarkable crop losses. Biocontrol agents applied singly are not likely to perform consistently against all parasitic nematodes under soil environmental conditions. The approach of combining biocontrol agents to manage various soil borne pathogens including plant parasitic nematodes has been investigated extensively (Hojat et al, 1998; Pierson and Weller, 1994; and Siddiqui and Mahmood, 1993). The objective of the present work was to study the impact of calcium sulphate or potassium silicate or moringa dry-leaf powder in comparison with oxamyl on plant growth response of tomato plants infected with M. incognita under greenhouse conditions
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