Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a crucial role in tumor invasion and metastasis. There have been only a few studies on the MMP expression in thyroid carcinomas. Therefore, we investigated the MMP9 expression in 66 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) using immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) on protein level and mRNA level, respectively. We also examined the correlations between the immunohistochemical scores and several clinicopathological parameters. The results demonstrated that MMP9 was significantly up-regulated in cancer tissue in comparison to begnin thyoid tumor tissue on mRNA level (P < 0.05). On protein level, MMP9 was also highly increased in cancer tissue in comparison to begnin thyoid tumor. It is found that high expression MMP9 proteins significantly correlated with large tumor size, presence of lymph node metastasis, Union Internationale Control Cancer (UICC) stage. These data suggest that MMP9 proteins are increased in tumors cells of PTC and that it plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of PTC. Key words: Thyroid carcinomas, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, papillary thyroid carcinomas.
Highlights
Thyroid carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system and accounts for approximately 1% of all newly diagnosed cancer (Guang et al, 2011., Chen et al, 2011; Hundahl et al, 2000; Roskies et al, 2012)
matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) expression between thyroid carcinoma and thyroid adenoma, and normal thyroid tissues and multinodular goiters (P < 0.05); MMP9 protein expression levels in thyroid carcinoma group were significantly up-regulate compared to other group (P < 0.05), Associations of clinical and pathological variable and MMP9 expression in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC)
We chose to study the MMP9 gene and to assess its expression and association in different thyroid tissues. qPCR experiment verified that MMP9 production was increased on the mRNA level of thyroid carcinoma when compared to thyroid adenoma and normal thyroid tissues and multinodular goiters (P < 0.05), On protein level, MMP9 expression production in thyroid carcinoma group were significantly up-regulate compared to other group (P < 0.05) using immunohistochemistry
Summary
Thyroid carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system and accounts for approximately 1% of all newly diagnosed cancer (Guang et al, 2011., Chen et al, 2011; Hundahl et al, 2000; Roskies et al, 2012). PTC is the most common type of thyroid cancer and accounts for more than 83% of all thyroid malignancies (Brown et al, 2011; Dal Maso et al, 2009). Tumor invasion is a cascade of sequential events that involves detachment of malignant cells from their site of origin and invasion through the surrounding stroma into lymphovascular channels (Hagemann et al, 2012). All these steps are associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and the proteolytic breakdown of major ECM components requires specific proteases.
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