Abstract
Investigation of secondary metabolites from the cryptic metabolic pathways in date palm fruit, garlic bulb and groundnuts from North-West Nigeria was conducted using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results indicated the presence of several compounds which include Valinomycin, asperglaucide, asperphenamate, cyclo (L-Pro-L-Tyr). Cyclo (L-Pro-L-Val), emodin, physcion, integracin A and B, Monocerin, and fallacinol were detected at different concentrations in the different sampled materials. Asperglaucide, asperphenamate, cyclo (L-Pro-L-Tyr), cyclo (L-Pro-L-Val), and emodin were found in all the tested samples at different concentrations. Garlic bulb contains valinomycin, emodin and physcion which are compound that may have a potential inhibitory effect on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) with their maximum concentration of 55.15, 20.25 and 419.45 µg/kg respectively in the tested materials. Integracin A and B which are compound with potential inhibitory effect on the HIV-1 integrase enzyme found in Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) were detected in garlic bulb samples at the maximum concentration of (3.98 and 18.68 µg/kg) respectively. This study has identified the presence of a compound of immense pharmacological importance, and it may provide a veritable lead for natural product discovery. Key words: Asperphenamate; cryptic pathway; date fruits; garlic bulb; groundnut seed; metabolites.
Highlights
Secondary metabolites are compounds of natural origin that are often produced in the cells of some animals, plant, fungi and bacteria
The biosynthetic capabilities of fungal and bacteria cryptic pathways in producing secondary metabolites which can be used as natural product is much more than it’s currently appreciated
Secondary metabolites produced through the expression of the cryptic pathway may be of great pharmacological importance
Summary
Secondary metabolites are compounds of natural origin that are often produced in the cells of some animals, plant, fungi and bacteria. Secondary metabolites are involved in the homeostasis, modulation of organism health system such as excretion and overall health status of the body system (Baral et al, 2018). Production of these metabolites by some organism is regarded as an adaptive capacity of coping with stress caused by challenges of changing growth environment. This lead to overproduction of complex chemical types and it involves interaction in their structural and functional stabilization through cell signaling processes and pathway (Tanaka et al, 2013). It can be deduced that competition between microbes encourages production of secondary metabolites via signaling molecules (autoregulator/quorum sensing molecules and siderophore) in their environment (Jordan et al, 2016)
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