English

Abstract

BACKGROUND India is one of the countries which has seen a rise in diabetes mellitus type 2 patient in last 2 decade. It is a known fact that patients suffering from diabetes mellitus have risk of developing many diseases like angiopathies and retionopathies. . The purpose of this study was to assess cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and find out current clinical practices for prevention of cardiovascular diseases in diabetes type 2 patient attending diabetes out-patient department (OPD). METHODS This is a cross sectional study on 96 randomly selected patients who were diagnosed for diabetes mellitus type 2 for more than 3 months. CVD risk factors were studied using structured questionnaire about sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, family history, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, inactive physique, unsuitable food, excessive use of alcohol and all types of cigarettes; current medicines [anti-platelet medication, statins, angiotensin blocker, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)]; history of diabetes or CVD; time since diabetes is diagnosed; average number of times or frequency of follow-up and physical activity visits to health centres. RESULTS Present study shows abdominal obesity (84 %), unhealthy diet (86 %), physical inactivity (81%), dyslipidaemia (n = 68, 70.83 %), uncontrolled diabetes (63 %), hypertension (50 %) and age more than 60 years (41%) as the major cardiovascular diseases risk factors. Use of anti-platelet was present in 55 %; 74 % of hypertensives were using angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)/ACEI; 63 % of dyslipidaemia patients were using atorvastatin. This study showed that lifestyle modification has a sustained effect in preventing cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes patient. CONCLUSIONS Behavioural risk factors like unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, control of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia is a cause of concern in diabetes patient for preventing cardiovascular risk factor. KEY WORDS Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Clinical Practices and CVD Prevention.