Abstract
The aims of the study were to evaluate the control of botrytis in the soybean stem, spraying homeopathic solutions of Sulphur and Nosode of Macrophomina phaseolina in the dynamizations 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48CH. As additional treatment, we used distilled water and hydroalcoholic solution at 30% ethanol. In vitro tests were performed so as to analyze the number of micro-sclerotia and mycelial growth of the fungi, and in vivo tests to track the progress of the botrytis stem and the size of the lesion. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with five replications. For the area under the mycelial growth curve (AUMGC) in the first test, there was no significant effect of Sulphur and Nosode of M. phaseolina. In vivo studies, comparing Sulphur with the control treatment, showed a reduction of 14 and 15% for the dynamizations of 12 and 48 CH, respectively. For the amount of micro-sclerotia of M. phaseolina, in the first test, Sulphur showed a reduction of up to 50%; Nosode of M. phaseolina showed no significant reduction of micro-sclerotia. In the second test, Nosode was not significant while Sulphur caused a reduction of up to 33%. For area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), in both trials, the drugs proved to be ineffective. These results indicate the potential of these homeopathic remedies in controlling the fungus, M. phaseolina. Key words: Alternative control, glycine max, homeopathy.
Highlights
Brazil is the second largest producer of soybean in the world after the United States, with a production of 98,981.600 tons (Conab, 2016)
For the in vivo test of the second experiment, the isolated M. phaseolina was put in petri dishes (0,1 cm diameter) with PDA medium and after the fungi present micro-sclerotia, medium with mycelial disks and micro-sclerotia were used for inoculation of the soybean plants in the pots
The Nosode of M. phaseolina was obtained from mycelium grown on potato dextrose liquid medium (PD), which was allowed to stir in orbital shaker at 150 rpm for 7days, after filtration was carried out of the the fungus to separate all the culture medium
Summary
Brazil is the second largest producer of soybean in the world after the United States, with a production of 98,981.600 tons (Conab, 2016). Over the years and with the increase in cultivated soybean area, is the emergence of diseases that impair productivity. When the weather is favorable, that is, periods of drought, heat and very high temperature, the disease can attack young plants. Due to the degree of dangerousness of the disease, it is necessary to control it, which is based on the practice of direct planting and vegetation cover, in order to avoid water stress; chemical and physical soil management; rigorousness at the time of planting; use of recommended varieties for the region; promoting unsuitable environment for the fungus (Almeida et al, 2014), as well as alternative methods of control, such as homeopathic treatment
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