Abstract
Salinity is one of the main environmental constraints to crop productivity worldwide. The aim of the experiment was to study the role of mycorrhiza (Glomus clarum Nicol. & Schenck) in tolerance of wheat genotypes to salt stress in terms of growth, physiological and biochemical parameters. Wheat genotypes (cvs. Henta, Moaya and Samma) were grown at three levels of NaCl (0.75, 1.5 and 3 g kg-1 soil) with or without mycorrhiza. The growth and physio-biochemical characteristics of all genotypes decreased with increasing levels of salinity except concentration of reducing sugars, sodium and proline, and at 3 g of NaCl, only genotype ‘Samma’ survived and showed resistant against severe salinity. However, inoculation of mycorrhiza enhanced the growth and accumulation of nutrients, reducing sugars, total soluble carbohydrates, Chlorophyll (Chl) a and Chl b, carotene, proline and protein by reducing Na. The present study suggested that inoculation of fungi was effective in improving the tolerance of wheat genotypes by improving the accumulation of nutrients and soluble solutes that might be responsible for osmotic adjustment of plant to counteract oxidative damage generated by salinity. Key words: Mycorrhiza, nutrients, osmolytes, salinity, Triticum aestivum, pigments, protein.
Highlights
Salinity is one of the major environmental factors limiting plant growth and crop productivity in arid and semiarid irrigated area (Szabolcs, 1989; Koca et al, 2007)
The present study suggested that inoculation of fungi was effective in improving the tolerance of wheat genotypes by improving the accumulation of nutrients and soluble solutes that might be responsible for osmotic adjustment of plant to counteract oxidative damage generated by salinity
We may postulate that inoculation of G. clarum isolated from saline soil can differentially suppress the inhibitory effects of salinity and varietal differences in plant growth responds to G. clarum under stress may be dependent on genotypic differences in rates of nutrients uptake, transport, accumulation and distribution within the plant (Siddiqui et al, 2009)
Summary
Salinity is one of the major environmental factors limiting plant growth and crop productivity in arid and semiarid irrigated area (Szabolcs, 1989; Koca et al, 2007). The increasing salinization of arid and semiarid regions of the world is expected to have devastating global effects, resulting in 30% land loss within the 25 years, and up to 50% by the year 2050 (Wang et al, 2005). It is a menace to both agriculture and the soil body. Nowadays, it has become a challenge for the scientist community to overcome the salinity problem by searching and developing salt tolerant plants through plant breeding and genetic engineering. The use of biological methods as an inexpensive and practical way to alleviate soil stresses, including salinity, on plant growth in saline soils has received increased attention (Giri and Mukerji, 2004; Al-Karaki, 2006)
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