Abstract
The intercropping of annual crops with perennial grasses is a production system that is frequently adopted in the Midwest region of Brazil due to its economic viability resulting from the use of the same area for agriculture and livestock. Most agriculture-livestock integration studies have evaluated the use of forage of the genus Urochloa in intercropped systems with corn, sorghum and sunflower. Consequently, there is a lack of information regarding pearl millet cultivation when grown simultaneously with tropical forages. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of pearl millet Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br as well as the production and nutritional characteristics of Paiaguas palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Paiaguas) under different forage systems and sowing periods in the offseason. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Institute of Goias, Rio Verde campus. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement and three replications. There were two sowing periods (February and March) and five forage systems: monocropped pearl millet; monocropped Paiaguas palisadegrass; pearl millet intercropped in rows with Paiaguas palisadegrass; pearl millet intercropped between rows of Paiaguas palisadegrass and pearl millet oversown and intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass. The results indicated that the Paiaguas palisadegrass did not affect the pearl millet grain yield, indicating that the intercropping of pearl millet and Paiaguas palisadegrass in the offseason is a promising cultivation technique for the production of grains during the offseason in Southeastern Goias. However, the second sowing period provided better grain yields and a higher number of sacks per hectare. With respect to forage yield, the Paiaguas palisadegrass sown in oversown pearl millet was impaired by the intercropping and produced low forage yield. With respect to forage quality, the intercropped sowing system did not affect the nutritional characteristics of the Paiaguas palisadegrass. Key words: Urochloa brizantha, agriculture-livestock integration, Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.
Highlights
The intercropping of annual crops with perennial grasses is a production system that is frequently adopted in the Midwest region of Brazil due to its economic viability resulting from the use of the same area for agriculture and livestock
There were two sowing periods (February and March) and five forage systems: monocropped pearl millet; monocropped Paiaguas palisadegrass; pearl millet intercropped in rows with Paiaguas palisadegrass; pearl millet intercropped between rows of Paiaguas palisadegrass and pearl millet oversown and intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass
The results indicated that the Paiaguas palisadegrass did not affect the pearl millet grain yield, indicating that the intercropping of pearl millet and Paiaguas palisadegrass in the offseason is a promising cultivation technique for the production of grains during the offseason in Southeastern Goiás
Summary
The intercropping of annual crops with perennial grasses is a production system that is frequently adopted in the Midwest region of Brazil due to its economic viability resulting from the use of the same area for agriculture and livestock. Intercropping annual crops with tropical forages has been increasingly adopted by farmers in the Cerrado (Pacheco et al, 2008), because many studies showed the feasibility of intercropping annual crops with various forage species when planted simultaneously (Petter et al, 2011) In this kind of production system, the producer has the possibility of three ways of use of an area in a single offseason after harvesting summer soybean: the cultivation of an annual grain crop, the use of forage for grazing (livestock) and the production of straw for a no-till system. Pearl millet is no longer considered a simple species for cover or straw production in no-till systems (Dan et al, 2009) and has become a high-value crop for forage production, for grazing (Leão et al, 2012), for silage (Costa et al, 2012) and for grain (Costa et al, 2015)
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