Abstract
Kenya has one of the largest dairy industries in sub-Saharan Africa. Most of the milk marketed by small-scale farmers in Kenya has been reported to be of poor quality and does not meet national and international standards due to high bacterial load, high somatic cell count, adulteration and antibiotic residues. This study was designed to assess status of microbiological and physico-chemical quality of raw milk from two smallholder dairy farmer’ groups at four sampling levels. Three hundred and eight raw milk samples were collected and analyzed along the value chain. Microbiological analysis for total bacterial count and coliform count was carried out using 3MTM Petrifilms plates. The average total bacterial and coliform counts Log10 per ml at the processing factory was 8.462 and 6.770 for Ngorika and Olenguruone, respectively. The antibiotic residues especially β- lactam was prevalent with 44.5% of all the analyzed samples being positive. Likewise, 60% of the samples had a range of 150,000 to 500,000 somatic cells/ml. Average water adulteration level for the two collecting and bulking enterprises was 30.3%. TVBC and CC should be used instead of resazurin while freezing point determination should be used for adulteration. Key words: Raw milk safety, Adulteration, Antibiotic residues Resazurin test.
Highlights
Kenya produces an estimated volume of 5 billion liters of milk annually and is the leading milk producer in the East Africa region (Muia et al, 2011)
Mean log10 for total bacterial count and coliform count per ml (CFU/ml) in Ngorika (Table 2) was not significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) among the milk samples collected from the route composite, cooler and tanker but it was significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) for the composite cans
The study showed that total bacterial count and coliform count were way above the Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS) standards along the dairy value chain
Summary
Kenya produces an estimated volume of 5 billion liters of milk annually and is the leading milk producer in the East Africa region (Muia et al, 2011). The demand for milk and dairy products in developing countries is estimated to increase by 25% by 2025 (Delgado et al, 1999), mainly due to human population growth, further urbanization, increased disposable income, greater diversity of food products to meet nutritional needs, and increased opportunities for domestic and external trade. Dairy imports in developing countries may reach 38.9 billion litres of milk equivalent by 2030 (Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and International Dairy Federation (IDF), 2004). Kenya has the potential to increase milk production from the current 4.2 billion litres in 2009 to over 5.0 billion litres in 2014 (Cherono, 2005)
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