Abstract
The cases of urolithiasis in caprine and sheep presented for treatment for one year to University Teaching Veterinary Clinics were managed surgically. A brief history about the clinical cases, their clinical examination, kidney function tests and ultrasonography was studied. The cases were surgically managed by performing different surgical procedures viz, excision of urethral process, urethrotomy perineal urethrotomy, tube cystotomy and cystorrhaphy and modified bladder marsupialisation as demanded by clinical situation. The postoperative management, survival rates and restoration of normal urination, rupture sites and return of normal kidney function tests of the cases has been discussed. Key words: Urine, ultrasound, urethrotomy, bladder.
Highlights
Urolithiasis is the most widespread and economically important disease of ruminants
Nidus formation occurs when mucoproteins in the urine coalesce and precipitate with crystals in supersaturated urine (Belknap and Pugh, 2002).If calculiincrease in number or size, obstruction of tract anywhere from urethral process upto bladder may result in sheep and bucks (Khan et al, 2013) which can rapidly progress to bladder or urethral rupture, uremic crisis and death may occur (Kannan and Lawrence, 2010)
The severity of the case increased with the duration of obstruction as clinically marked by increase in Plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) and creatinine levels in the animals of all the groups
Summary
Urolithiasis is the most widespread and economically important disease of ruminants. It is a problem in castrated males and second biggest cause of death behind respiratory disease, accounting for 18 to 38% of lamb deaths in winter (Bani et al, 2007; Vinodh Kumar et al, 2010). Clinical manifestation of urolithiasis in Rams and Bucks are remarkably different than in bovine species. They may show partial or complete obstruction, and complete obstruction with ruptured urinary bladder and demand different surgical under diverse clinical situations. In sheep and goats ultrasonographic scanning may be useful for the diagnosis and prognosis of this disease (Makhdoomi and Gazi, 2012)
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