Abstract
The aim of this study was to gain further insight into the interplay between both extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC enzymes and different virulence factors (VFs) among Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from Mansoura University Hospitals, Egypt. For this purpose 100 E. coli isolates were collected from different clinical sources. All isolates were investigated for production of ESBL and AmpC enzymes. The prevalence of VF encoding genes including: KPsMII (group2 capsule synthesis), FyuA (ferric yersiniabactin uptake), Afa/dra (Dr-binding a fimbrial adhesins), PapA (P fimbriae), PapC (formation of digalactoside-binding Pap pili), iutA (aerobactin receptor) and BssS (biofilm formation) and associations of these genes with both enzyme types were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. ESBL was produced by 37% of the isolates while AmpC enzyme was produced by 29%. Virulence genes prevalence among ESBL phenotypes were 43.2% KPsMII, 51.35% FyuA, 62.1% Afa/dra, 43.2% PapA, 16.2% PapC, 67.56% iutA and 78.4% BssS. Regarding AmpC phenotypes, the prevalence of virulence genes were: 51.7% KPsMII, 86.2% FyuA, 68.96% Afa/dra, 55.17% PapA, 24.1% PapC, 82.7% iutA and 100% BssS. Of the tested virulence factor encoding genes, BssS, FyuA and iutA were significantly more prevalent among AmpC producers. In addition, AmpC producers exhibited a statistically significant higher prevalence of multivirulence (MV) (MV≥4) than ESBL producers. Furthermore, AmpC phenotypes showed very significantly higher expression (P>0.01) of BssS gene than ESBLs phenotypes. Our results suggest a correlation between AmpC phenotypes and production of some factors that are reported to be involved in the virulence of E. coli. Key words: extended spectrum β-lactamase, AmpC enzymes, virulence factors, Escherichia coli.
Highlights
Great attention has been paid to antimicrobial resistance due to morbidity and mortality from diseases caused by resistant bacteria. β-lactams are the most predominant antimicrobials for the treatment of infectious diseases
Detection of ESBL activity using modified double disc synergy test method indicated that 37% of the tested isolates were considered positive for ESBL production (Figure 1) and 63 isolates exhibited negative results
Detection of AmpC activity using three dimensional extract method have shown that 29% of the tested isolates were considered positive for AmpC production (Figure 2) and 71 isolates were AmpC non Virulence factors associated genes among ESBLs and AmpC phenotype
Summary
Great attention has been paid to antimicrobial resistance due to morbidity and mortality from diseases caused by resistant bacteria. β-lactams are the most predominant antimicrobials for the treatment of infectious diseases. Β-lactams are the most predominant antimicrobials for the treatment of infectious diseases. Great attention has been paid to antimicrobial resistance due to morbidity and mortality from diseases caused by resistant bacteria. Bacterial resistance to this class of antibiotics is mediated by the production of β-lactamase enzymes (Paterson and Bonomo, 2005), sometimes in association with other mechanisms that might lead to either diminished permeability or active efflux (Poole, 2004). Numerous β-lactamases are known and more continue.
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