Abstract
Prostate specific antigen (PSA) has been described as a single test with highest positive predictive value for diagnosing carcinoma of prostate. Routine use of PSA helps in diagnosing organ-confined prostate cancers. Monitoring the evolution of prostate cancer has crucial importance since this tip of neoplasia has a variable biology, ranging from latent can- cers to extremely aggressive tumors. At the moment, PSA (prostate specific antigen) values point out to either successful or unsuccessful prostate cancer therapy. Depending on therapeutic strategies, biochemical recurrence (BCR) is differently defined. During 20 years (1994 and 2013), 66130 patients were screened for various tumour markers. PSA screening was done in 36152 including clinical BPH which amounts to 54.66 %. Majority (78.53%) showed normal values, 8.05% had cancer while 13.42% with hypertrophy. Percent- age of false positive and false negative was 0.67%. Initial assessment included the International Prostatic Symptom Score, and the quality of life index, digital rectal examination, urinalysis, prostate specific antigen, uro-flow and residual urine estimation. In this study, some interesting cases were discussed. Our findings show that though PSA helps in diagnosing malignancy, it was found that single observation of high values was not indicative of malignancy, however, serial detection with help of biopsies revealed the existence of hypertrophy or bacterial prostatitis.
Highlights
Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy in men globally
Our findings show that though Prostate specific antigen (PSA) helps in diagnosing malignancy, it was found that single observation of high values was not indicative of malignancy, serial detection with help of biopsies revealed the existence of hypertrophy or bacterial prostatitis
Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a glycoprotein, produced in high levels by epithelial cells of the prostate gland in men and very little amount is leaked into the blood, due to the presence of basement membrane under normal condition
Summary
Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy in men globally. It is known to have increased prevalence with advancing age. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a glycoprotein, produced in high levels by epithelial cells of the prostate gland in men and very little amount is leaked into the blood, due to the presence of basement membrane under normal condition. PSA has been described as a single test with highest positive predictive value for diagnosing carcinoma of prostate [3]. PSA is used as an indicator of progression or clinical response after treatment for prostate cancer, but the prognostic value of this marker is limited. Current studies are evaluating a number of alternative markers, such as PSA-related parameters, human kallikrein 2, osteoprotegerin and the gene DD3 (PCA3), that may improve the specificity of current PSA-based diagnostics and the prognostic value of PSA [8]. A few interesting cases were discussed in the present study
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