Abstract
The study aimed to assess concentrations of heavy metals in soil samples on both sides along the three Niles (Blue, White, and Nile Rivers) and Almogran area (Tuti Island) in Khartoum city (the capital of Sudan country) after the overflow season. Concentrations of heavy metals Br, Cu, Ni, Pb, Co, Rb, Cr, Zn, Zr, Sr, Mn, Ti, K, Ca, and Fe were determined using Xray fluorescence (XRF) techniques compatible with direct analysis of soils. The results showed that the element's concentration along the Blue Nile is higher than White Nile, Nile river, and Almogran area. In addition, Enrichment Factor (EF) and Geoaccumulation index (GI) factor was calculated, and both are in recommended ranges except EF for Ni high at Blue Nile 2.58, which is more than recommended value (2).
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