Abstract
Stem cells are known to have the ability to renew themselves and differentiate into a diverse range of specialized cell types. Currently, the differentiation potential of human peripheral blood mononucleated cells in suspension as stem cells is not well-understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the differentiation potential of suspension mononucleated cells from human peripheral blood to differentiate. The osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation potential of suspension peripheral blood mononucleated cells were examined by molecular, biochemical and cell morphology analyses. The expression of osteoblast marker (osteonectin, SPARC) and osteoclast marker (tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, TRAP) as well as high alkaline phosphate (ALP) and TRAP enzyme activity were observed at days 14 and 10 of osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation, respectively. Morphology analyses showed that mononucleated cells successfully differentiated into osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The existence of stem cells in mononucleated cells was evaluated by the expression of a stem cell factor (KIT) and a haematopoietic stem cell marker (signalling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 1, SLAMF1). This study has shown that these suspension mononucleated cells possess differentiation potential through in vitro study. Human peripheral blood suspension mononucleated cells that have multi-lineage differentiation potential may provide a new source of stem cells that may be used for bone regeneration and tissue engineering applications.
Highlights
Stem cells are unspecialized cells that have two defining properties: The ability to differentiate into other cells and the ability to self-regenerate
The stemness of isolated mononucleated cells was determined by expression of a stem cell factor (KIT gene) and a haematopoietic stem cell marker (SLAMF1)
The GAPDH gene was expressed in both mononucleated cells cultured in complete osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation mediums, as shown by the Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) product of 195 bp (Figure 1a)
Summary
Stem cells are unspecialized cells that have two defining properties: The ability to differentiate into other cells and the ability to self-regenerate. They are the most versatile and promising cell source for the regeneration of aged, injured and diseased tissues (Lutolf et al, 2009; Shahrul Hisham et al, 2005 a,b). Stem cell research has been highly controversial due to the ethical issues concerned with the culture and use of stem cells derived from human embryos. Adult stem cells become the focus of stem cells research as they offer hope for cell therapy to treat diseases in the future and ethical issues do not impede their use
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