Abstract
Infectious diseases remain a global health burden due to development of antibiotic resistance by pathogenic microorganisms. Antibiotic resistance has led to increased number of deaths among children and adults. This study sought to isolate and identify fungal endophytes from selected Kenyan medicinal plants and screen them and their extracts for bioactivity against selected test human pathogens. Fifty-five fungal endophytes were successfully isolated from fresh leaves of twenty-three medicinal plants from Kakamega forest. The DNA of fungal endophytes was extracted and molecular characterization was done through sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS). The isolated fungal endophytes belonged to nine genera in the Ascomycota group, namely Fusarium, Colletotrichum, Trichothecium, Phomopsis, Pestalotiopsis, Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Phoma, and Chaetomium. Extracts from Aspergillus sp. demonstrated antimicrobial activity at low concentrations of 2.34 µg/ml against B. subtilis and 9.38 µg/ml against Candida tenius; while extracts from Colletotrichum sp. demonstrated antimicrobial activity at moderate concentration (37.5 µg/ml) against B. subtilis in the serial dilution assay. These results show that medicinal plants are a reservoir to a diversity of fungal endophytes that could be exploited as sources of natural products of pharmaceutical importance. Key words: Antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial, bioactive, fungal endophytes.
Highlights
Infectious diseases cause about 18.4% deaths worldwide (WHO, 2014) and are linked to the development of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria
Extracts from Aspergillus sp. demonstrated antimicrobial activity at low concentrations of 2.34 μg/ml against B. subtilis and 9.38 μg/ml against Candida tenius; while extracts from Colletotrichum sp. demonstrated antimicrobial activity at moderate concentration (37.5 μg/ml) against B. subtilis in the serial dilution assay. These results show that medicinal plants are a reservoir to a diversity of fungal endophytes that could be exploited as sources of natural products of pharmaceutical importance
Piper capense, Clausena anisata and Trichilia emetica were among the medicinal plants that yielded the highest number of fungal endophyte isolates
Summary
Infectious diseases cause about 18.4% deaths worldwide (WHO, 2014) and are linked to the development of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. Several research initiatives have shown results of drug resistance in human pathogenic bacteria around the world (Laxminarayan et al, 2013). Attention has been focused on finding alternative antimicrobial compounds from natural sources including endophytes. Fungal endophytes are a group of microorganisms that live in tissues of healthy plants, inter and intra-cellularly.
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