Abstract
Hawthorn (Crataegus Mexicana) is a traditional fruit in Mexican gastronomy and is used to treat many ailments. Previous studies have shown that acetone extracts derived from hawthorn peel (HPE) possess a strong antioxidant activity in chemical and biological model systems in vitro, attributable to their polyphenolic content. The main objective of this study was to investigate the ability of HPE to protect erythrocytes against oxidative damage, in vitro. The protection rendered by the HPE in erythrocytes was studied in terms of protection to oxidative damage by the inhibition of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assays, morphological changes by light microscopy, and electrophoretic analysis of banding pattern of the red blood cells (RBCs). FeSO4 was chosen to induce lipid peroxidation in human RBCs membranes and cytoskeleton proteins. The total polyphenol content in HPE was found to be 0.68 mg/g (SD 0.001) as the equivalent of gallic acid per gram. Trapping of DPPH was calculated by IC50 in 15.26 mg/L (SD 0.20). Better inhibition of TBARS formation by HPE was 16.78 mg/L (SD 0.33). HPE retards the morphological alteration in the erythrocytes-eryptosis. The electrophoretic pattern showed that some protein bands were not altered during a long period of incubation in HPE. Furthermore, it was found that HPE offers significant protection to human membrane erythrocyte up to for 28 days from the oxidative damage. In conclusion, our results indicate that HPE is capable of protecting erythrocytes against oxidative damage and morphologic changes by acting as a strong antioxidant. Key words: Antioxidants, Crataegus mexicana, free radicals, Hawthorn, red blood cells, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS).
Highlights
The pathophysiology of many blood diseases is associated with an increase of free radicals derived from reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the blood cells
Our study showed a longer period of time on the inhibition of FeSO4-induced hemolysis and morphologic changes in the erythrocytes, in a concentration-dependent manner up to for 28 days
This study provides the first in vitro evidence for an active role of C. mexicana as antioxidant on erythrocytes
Summary
The pathophysiology of many blood diseases is associated with an increase of free radicals derived from reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the blood cells. Oxidative stress in red blood cells (RBCs) induces damage by injuring the protein cytoskeleton (Berlett and Stadtman, 1997; Dean et al, 1997), and the phospholipid cell membrane (Kowalczyk et al, 2012) causing directly and indirectly morphologic and microrheologic changes (Hebbel et al., 1990), premature eryptosis (Nagababu et al, 2008; Kempe et al, 2006; Lang et al, 2006) These changes and the reduced life span of the cells are involved in the pathogenesis of a number of blood diseases, including different types of anemia, altered vascular disorders, coagulopathies or clog veins alterations, it is important in the life span of RBCs’ bags (Baek et al., 2012). The higher production of ROS is capable of causing oxidative damage in proteins by oxidation of amino acid residue side chain, formation of protein-protein cross-linkages, and oxidation of the protein backbone resulting in protein fragmentation (Berlett and Stadtman, 1997)
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