Abstract
This review aimed to make an inventory of the relevant work carried out on antibiotic resistance in the animal sector during the last two decades in French-speaking countries of the West African sub-region. English and French published articles from 2000 to 2019 indexed in PubMed, Google Scholar, and African Journals Online were reviewed in accordance with an adapted PRISMA guideline. Mean Resistance (MR) and interquartile ranges (IQR) of resistance were calculated for each antibiotic-bacterium combination for each country and globally. 28 articles were eligible for this qualitative review. One third of the countries did not have suitable data on antibiotic resistance in animals. Senegal (11/28) and Ivory Coast (8/28) are at the top of countries where more studies have been carried out. Poultry (17/28), cattle (10/28) and pigs (4/28) are the most investigated species. In poultry, resistance in E. coli strains was high to Tetracycline’s (MR: 97%; IQR [80.65%- 98.5%]). Resistance in Salmonella spp. strains from poultry was high to Erythromycin (MR: 100%; IQR [99%-100%] and Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid (47.76%; IQR [16.06%-52.52%]). In cattle, resistance of Staphylococcus spp. was low in general for all antibiotics with resistance of 16.25% IQR [11.75%-20.58%], 14.63% IQR [13.82%-31.32%], 10% IQR [8.55%-16%] respectively for Tetracycline’s, Penicillin, and Gentamicin. More studies deserve to be done in West Africa French speaking countries in order to draw attention of decision-makers, lead to regulations on the correct use of antibiotics in the veterinary sector, and if possible set up a sub-regional network for the monitoring of antibiotic resistance. Key words: Antibiotic resistance, animals, West Africa, French countries.
Highlights
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) both in human and veterinary medicine has reached alarming levels in most parts of the world and has been recognized as a significant emerging threat to global public health and food security
The country in the considered region having the higher number of reports is Senegal followed by Ivory Coast
The majority of published articles are from the last decade as shown in Situation of antibiotic resistance (ABR) in food producing animals in all countries
Summary
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) both in human and veterinary medicine has reached alarming levels in most parts of the world and has been recognized as a significant emerging threat to global public health and food security. West African countries face, like the rest of the world, this serious problem of the emergence of resistances to antibiotics (Ouédraogo and Sylvain, 2017). To fight against this threat, joint resolutions and actions are promoted by international organizations to combat AMR globally (Wall et al, 2016).
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