Abstract
Colletotrichum destructivum is the causal pathogen of cowpea anthracnose; botanical extracts and benlate fungicide were evaluated as Biopesticides/chemical control strategies in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L). Botanicals of four plants: Azadiractha indica,Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum, and Xylopia aethiopica, proved effective in reducing spore germination and colony growth in vitro and the growth of the pathogen in vivo. The extracts of X. aethiopica and A. indica more effectively reduced both the growth of the pathogen in vitro and the spread of the disease in vivo. Extracts and benlate applied both before and after pathogen inoculation of cowpea significantly reduced the size of pathogen induced lesion. Key words: Anthracnose, diseases, biopesticides, botanical, benlate, Colletotrichum destructivum.
Highlights
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) is an important source of protein and other essential nutrients for human and livestock consumption, among the low income segment of the populace in the semi-arid regions of the tropics and subtropics (Adebanjo and Bankole, 2004; Sun and Zhang, 2009)
Colletotrichum destructivum is the causal pathogen of cowpea anthracnose; botanical extracts and benlate fungicide were evaluated as Biopesticides/chemical control strategies in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L)
The optimum production of the crop is hindered by several factors including the plant pathogenic organism like Colletotrichum destructivum OGara (Allen et al, 1998; Akinbode and Ikotun, 2008)
Summary
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) is an important source of protein and other essential nutrients for human and livestock consumption, among the low income segment of the populace in the semi-arid regions of the tropics and subtropics (Adebanjo and Bankole, 2004; Sun and Zhang, 2009). The pathogen C. destructivum is seed borne and causes anthracnose disease in cowpea (Fokung et al, 1997; Allen et al, 1998) where the inoculum sporulates readily at localized infection foci and produce symptoms within 96 h of susceptible crop inoculation (Latunde-Dada et al, 1996). Several control methods have been adopted including the application of chemical (fungicides) and integrated pest management (Emechebe and Lagoke, 2002), biocontrol (Adebanjo and Bankole, 2004; Akinbode and Ikotun, 2008), host resistance (Amusa et al, 1994; Latunde-Dada et al, 1999), use of phosphorus fertilizers (Adebitan, 1996; Owolade et al, 2006) and cultural practices like spacing and plant pattern (Adebitan and Ikotun, 1996). Just recently Mogle and Maske (2012) reported the leaf extracts of Argemone mexicana L., Semecarpus anacardium L., Cassia fistula L., and Tephrosia purpurea (L.) pers to control C. destructivum pathogen on seeds of cowpea
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